Immunological attributes of blood and milk neutrophils isolated from crossbred cows during different physiological conditions

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The goal of this work was to understand how polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), the first line of cellular defence, integrate and prioritize multiple chemotactic signals to navigate during periods of demand like subclinical mastitis (SCM), clinical mastitis (CM), pregnancy (P), and calving (C). For this, blood and milk samples were collected from five groups of crossbred cows (healthy, with SCM, CM, pregnant, and newly calved). Maximum viability was seen in the PMN of healthy cows, whereas minimum viability was observed in CM cows. Phagocytic activity (PA) of blood and milk PMN decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at C and in CM cows. Chemotactic activity of blood PMN was minimum in C followed by CM, SCM, and P cows. PA was found to be negatively correlated with the plasma cortisol levels and inverse relationship was observed between the plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels and the chemotactic activity of neutrophils. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) higher expression of CXCR1 and IL-8 on both blood and milk PMN of CM cows followed by C and SCM cows. Minimum expression of selectin (CD-62L) was seen on blood PMN isolated around calving, whereas maximum expression of integrin (CD-11b) was in CM cows. Healthy and P cows showed the highest expression of CD-62L on blood PMN but its expression remained unaltered in milk PMN. Irrespective of physiological stage of the cows, immune suppression was found to be always cortisol dependent. Observing the neutrophil activity and mRNA expression of genes isolated from cow neutrophils can be used as indicators to assess the health/physiological status promptly for immediate therapeutic or management-related actions.

The effects of dietary supplementation with rumen‐protected amino acids on the expression of several genes involved in the immune system of dairy sheep

“…It has been found that IL‐8 is released in response to cell stressors such as reactive oxygen species, bacterial fragments and proinflammatory cytokines (DeForge et al., ). Increased IL‐8 expression has also been observed in the blood neutrophils of calving cows with clinical mastitis (Alhussien et al., ). A positive relationship between IL‐8 gene expression and the incidence of severe mastitis has also been found (Galvao, Pighetti, Cheong, Nydam, & Gilbert, ).…”

“…Chemokines regulate the migration and adhesion of infiltrating cells to an inflamed lesion (Nedoszytko, Sokołowska‐Wojdyło, Ruckemann‐Dziurdzińska, Roszkiewicz, & Nowickiù, ). Resident tissue cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, express several chemokines (Alhussien et al., ; Rossi & Zlotnik, ). In our study, IL‐8 transcript accumulation was reduced in both macrophages (Figure ) and neutrophils (Figure ), but the results were not significant.…”

Milk somatic cells, factors influencing their release, future prospects, and practical utility in dairy animals: An overview

“…SCC variation has been noted between various breeds of cows [ 14 , 22 , 27 , 56 - 58 ] as presented in Figure-3 . The high-producing cattle breeds such as Brown Swiss and Holstein have a higher presence of SCC/ml in milk.…”

“…Average SCC for 212 dairy herds was found to be around 241,000±83,000 cells per ml [ 42 ]. It has been found that indigenous cow breeds like Tharparkar have less milk SCC as compared to Karan Fries cows [ 14 , 22 ]. Breed type also influences the shape of udder, and teats with well-attached udders show less incidence of mastitis than pendulous-shaped udder [ 15 , 59 ].…”

“…The effect of various stressful physiological stages including subclinical mastitis (SCM), CM, pregnancy, and calving on both milk SCC and DLC in Karan Fries cows was investigated [ 14 ]. Maximum values of SCC were noticed in CM cows (7.50×10 5 cells/ml), followed by SCM cows (4.60×10 5 ), then in the colostrum (4.00×10 5 ) collected on the day of calving, and finally, in pregnant cows (2.00×10 5 ).…”