Immunological characteristics of cattle with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection

Abstract

Several years lasting clinical and microbiological monitoring of a cattle herd infected with paratuberculosis allowed to identify three groups of animals showing different courses of the infection. Group N (non-shedders) included animals negative by faecal culture throughout the monitoring period. Animals of Group L (low shedders) shed sporadically small quantities of mycobacteria (1 to 9 CFU), but remained clinically healthy throughout the monitoring period. Group H (high shedders) included animals shedding repeatedly large quantities of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (10 CFU) with a progressive deterioration of the state of health in most of them. Animals with specific antibodies detected by agar gel immunodiffusion and complement fixation test were found in all groups, but the percentage of serologically positive animals was higher in animals of Group L and significantly higher (p < 0.01) in animals of Group H than in animals of Group N. Specific cell-mediated immunity was demonstrated especially in the group of low shedders (Group L), the differences in the percentages of interferon gamma assay positive animals in this group and other groups was highly significant (p < 0.01). Only insignificant differences in the counts and activity of peripheral leukocytes were found among groups of clinically healthy animals differing in intensity of M. paratuberculosis shedding. However, the progressive development of clinical signs of paratuberculosis in Group H was associated with a significant (p < 0.01) decrease of lymphocytes and monocytes, a non-significant decrease of neutrophils, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup> cells and a insignificant decrease in the percentage of CD8<sup>+</sup> cells; consequently the CD4/CD8 ratio increased.

Systematic Assessment of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Infections from 1911–2019: A Growth Analysis of Association with Human Autoimmune Diseases

“…Research into MAP virulence is rooted in the desire to understand pathophysiological effects of MAP in different life forms and to establish clinical and subclinical biomarkers of MAP infections and diseases. These researches seek to determine molecular resistance, susceptibility gene markers or factors that drive the establishment of MAP infections in hosts [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Growth related to MAP disease resistance research underscored the inclination towards selection of animal breeding stocks that are capable of high productivity in the event of MAP infections on-farm to minimize husbandry failures and economic losses.…”

Immunoglobulins in Colostrum of Sows With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - PRRS

“…Immunoglobulins consist of four chains (two "heavy" and two "light"), that creating "Y" form. Each chain consists of sundry domains that are coupled with disulfide bridge [22,31]. Dominating classes of immunoglobulins in pigs are: IgG, IgA and IgM [6,26].…”

Trends and advances in the diagnosis and control of paratuberculosis in domestic livestock

“…CMI, but not antibody response, is considered important for protective immunity against pTB (Toman et al 2003;Waters et al 2003;Maroudam et al 2015). Serum antibody titres are quite consistent and higher during clinical disease.…”