Immunological Characterization of Somatic and Excretory–Secretory Antigens of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Experimentally Infected Rats

Immunology and pathology of echinostome infections in the definitive host.

“…In hamsters, the responses were greater but slower than in mice, and positive levels of IgG were observed from 7 wpi (Simonsen et al 1991 ;Toledo et al 2004b) . In contrast, rats developed a weak IgG response against E. caproni and only low levels of IgG were detected from 7 wpi (Toledo et al 2003b(Toledo et al , 2004cSotillo et al 2007) . Similarly, E trivolvis and E. hortense elicited strong serum IgG responses in mice (Graczyk and Fried 1994 ;Cho et al 2007) .…”

“…Several antigen preparations have been used to study the antibody responses in primary echinostome infections, i.e., adult crude worms (Simonsen et al 1991 ;Agger et al 1993 ;Toledo et al 2003aToledo et al , 2004c , excretory-secretory products (Toledo et al 2003a(Toledo et al , b, 2004b(Toledo et al , c, 2005Cho et al 2007 ;Carpena et al 2007 ;Sotillo et al 2007) , or glycocalix membrane from adult worms Fried 1994, 1995) . The results showed that the generation of systemic antibody responses depends on the host-parasite combination.…”

“…SDS-PAGE and western-blot analysis of in vitro shed detergent solubilized antigens indicated that the four major antigens released from adult worms had molecular weights (MW) ranging from 26 to 88 kDa. Toledo et al (2004c) also defined by western-blot analysis, using sera from E. caproni -infected rats, 11 and 7 major antigenic polypeptides in the somatic and excretory-secretory products, respectively. Moreover, Toledo et al (2004c) demonstrated that some of these polypeptides were specifically expressed in the early phases of the infection suggesting a role in parasite establishment.…”

“…(1) Antibody detection Immunodiagnostic test based on indirect ELISA has been developed to detect anti-E. caproni , anti-E. trivolvis , anti-E. hortense , and anti-E.friedi antibodies (Simonsen et al 1991 ;Agger et al 1993 ;Graczik andFried 1994, 1995 ;Toledo et al 2003aToledo et al , 2004cCho et al 2007) . Indirect ELISA provides an early immunodiagnosis of E. caproni in mice.…”

Echinostomes: genomics and proteomics

“…By western immunoblot from monodimensional electrophoresis (1DE) using sera from experimentally infected rats, Toledo et al (2004) initiated the characterization of antigens present in ESP from E. caproni ) . These studies have been recently completed by the use of proteomics mainly by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), which allowed the identification of various proteins, including structural molecules and enzymes.…”