Immunological, clinical, haematological and oxidative responses to long distance transportation in horses

Padalino, Barbara; Raidal, Sharanne; Carter, Nicole; Celi, Pietro; Muscatello, Gary; Jeffcott, L. B.; Silva, Kumudika de

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.024

Cited by 60 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Assuming transported horses were fasted at least 12 hours (group 1, fed <1 hour before departure) and up to 18 hours (group 2, fed 6 hours before departure), this observation suggests decreased gastric emptying relative to our observations at T0 and T3, when all horses had complete gastric emptying after 12 hours fasting. Abdominal auscultation also suggested decreased GI motility in transported horses, as has been reported previously, but decreased GI motility was not observed after confinement. Decreased GI motility is consistent with well‐characterized sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine responses to transportation and GI problems, notably colic and colitis, are commonly associated with transportation of horses .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In part 1, a preliminary study was conducted in which horses were subjected to confinement, sampling and gastroscopy procedures that mimicked those experienced during transportation. Transported horses had well‐characterized clinical, hematological, and blood biochemistry changes reported after transportation in previous studies, and these changes were not observed in horses confined for a similar duration. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased in transported horses, as has been reported previously .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Transported horses had well‐characterized clinical, hematological, and blood biochemistry changes reported after transportation in previous studies, and these changes were not observed in horses confined for a similar duration. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased in transported horses, as has been reported previously . However, study design may have prevented discrimination of effects of transportation on cortisol because confinement was associated with a similar increase in plasma cortisol concentration and these results might reflect expected diurnal variations .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…based on auscultation of 4 abdominal quadrants (upper left, lower left, upper right, lower right) and recorded as 0 (no intestinal sounds auscultated in 60 seconds), 1 (decreased activity), 2 (normal activity, 2 or 3 discrete rumbling or gurgling noises in 30s), or 3 (increased activity) for each quadrant. These results were summed to give a GI activity score, as previously described . Horses were sedated (200 mg xylazine and 10 mg acetylpromazine, or 10 mg detomidine and 5 mg butorphanol IV) between 1600 and 1800 hours for gastroscopy and placement of an indwelling NGT (Veterinary Enteral Feeding Tube, 18 French × 250 cm; Mila International, Erlanger, Kentucky) and aspiration of GF.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transportation is associated with factors that may contribute to gastric ulceration such as physiologic stress responses (increased heart rate and serum cortisol concentrations), changes in feeding practices and water consumption, and changes in GI microbiota . Our study was conducted to determine the impact of 12 hours of transportation without food or water on gastric ulcer scores and gastric fluid (GF) pH in horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of transportation on gastric pH and gastric ulceration in mares

Padalino

Davis

Raidal

2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Transportation has been suggested as a risk factor for gastric ulceration in horses, but limited evidence supports this assumption. Animals Twenty‐six Standardbred, Thoroughbred, and Warmblood mares from a university teaching herd. Methods Twelve mares were confined for 12 hours, overnight, in reproductive stocks with indwelling nasogastric tubes (NGTs) to assess pH of gastric fluid (GF). Gastric ulceration was assessed endoscopically before and after confinement. Subsequently, 26 horses were transported for 12 hours, overnight, in 2 consignments. During transportation, GF was aspirated from indwelling NGT placed in the same 12 mares used in the confinement study, and gastric ulceration was assessed endoscopically before and after transportation in all horses. Results The median pH of GF in confined horses was 1.70‐2.49 at each sampling point, and there was no apparent effect on gastric squamous ulcer scores. The median pH of GF from the same 12 horses at corresponding sampling times during transportation was 6.82‐7.22. Transportation was associated with increased gastric squamous ulcer scores, particularly in horses fasted for gastroscopy and NGT placement immediately before departure. Gastric emptying appeared delayed after transportation in horses fed before departure. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Transportation is associated with increased gastric squamous ulceration and with increased pH of GF. These findings may be a consequence of impaired gastric emptying and reflux of alkaline small intestinal content, with factors such as duodenal bile salts and short‐chain fatty acids mediating mucosal injury.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%