Immunological Determination of Galactosylceramide Level in Blood as a Serum Index of Active Demyelination

Thuillier, Y; Lubetzki, Catherine; Goujet‐Zalc, C.; Galli, Andrea; Lhermitte, F; Zalc, Bernard

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01049.x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…In certain cases such as human periventricular edema hydrocephalus, demyelination occurs (Bruni et al, 1985), but components of myelin are not detectable in the blood (Tuillier et al, 1988). Morphological changes observed in monkeys with hydrocephalus (Milhorat et al, 1970), are comparable to our in vivo observations after treatment with GalCer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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A study of in vitro and in vivo morphological changes of ependymal cells induced by galactocerebrosides

Laabich¹,

Graff²,

Dunel‐Erb³

et al. 1991

Glia

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Ependymal cells in culture and in vivo were treated with mixture of galactocerebrosides. Galactocerebroside is the major glycolipid of myelin and in demyelinating diseases is found in cerebrospinal fluid. Morphological changes induced by this treatment were examined by microscopy at both optical and ultrastructural levels. In vitro, cilia, microvilli, and junctions between the cells disappeared, processes containing intermediate filaments developed, and the cells lost characteristics typical of ependymal cells and became more astrocyte-like. As shown by vital staining with a fluorescent compound and by nuclear incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine, cells did not proliferate during the period of galactocerebroside treatment and the morphological transformation was restricted to the ependymal cells. In contrast, asialoganglioside-GM1 and sulfatides had no effect on ependymal cell morphology. Some of the in vitro observations could be reproduced in vivo. Junctions between ependymal cells disappeared and intercellular spaces appeared between these cells and the cerebral parenchyma at the basolateral side of the ependymal layer. At the apical side, morphological modifications of junctions and cilia were less evident. As these experimental conditions resemble those existing during demyelination the morphological changes described may account for perturbations of the physiological functions of the ependymal cell.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…GalCer is undetectable in the blood or the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal individuals (Chatterjee and Kwiterovitch, 1975). In contrast, GalCer is found in the serum and CSF of patients with demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) (Tuillier et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of in vitro and in vivo morphological changes of ependymal cells induced by galactocerebrosides

Laabich¹,

Graff²,

Dunel‐Erb³

et al. 1991

Glia

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“…Phospholipid separation was performed by TLC, detected by iodine. On these separated lipid samples, the concentration of ceramide was determined by ELISA [32,33]. The phospholipids from the dry silica were re-suspended in ethanol and used to coat Nunc plates specific for lipid binding.…”

Section: Ceramide/sphingolipid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fenretinide prevents the development of osteoporosis in Cftr-KO mice

Saeed

Guilbault

Sanctis

et al. 2008

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis

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“…Conversely it is unlikely that β‐GalC removal from the CSF compartment would be rate limiting and, therefore, influence the slow turnover of β‐GalC that we report here. CSF proteins in general have a residence time in the CSF of hours to days, maybe some of weeks, but not of months to years . An average adult human produces approximately 500 mL of CSF per day, which, with an average CSF volume of 150 mL, will lead to replacement of all circulating CSF more than three times daily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Beta‐Galactosylceramide Kinetics in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Healthy Subjects Using Deuterium Labeling

Kanhai

Goulooze

Stevens

et al. 2016

Clinical Translational Sci

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Therapeutics promoting myelin synthesis may enhance recovery in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. However, no suitable method exists to quantify myelination. The turnover of galactosylceramide (myelin component) is indicative of myelination in mice, but its turnover has not been determined in humans. Here, six healthy subjects consumed 120 mL 70% D2O daily for 70 days to label galactosylceramide. We then used mass spectrometry and compartmental modeling to quantify the turnover rate of galactosylceramide in cerebrospinal fluid. Maximum deuterium enrichment of body water ranged from 1.5–3.9%, whereas that of galactosylceramide was much lower: 0.05–0.14%. This suggests a slow turnover rate, which was confirmed by the model‐estimated galactosylceramide turnover rate of 0.00168 day−1, which corresponds to a half‐life of 413 days. Additional studies in patients with multiple sclerosis are needed to investigate whether galactosylceramide turnover could be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials with remyelination therapies.

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Immunological Determination of Galactosylceramide Level in Blood as a Serum Index of Active Demyelination

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

A study of in vitro and in vivo morphological changes of ependymal cells induced by galactocerebrosides

A study of in vitro and in vivo morphological changes of ependymal cells induced by galactocerebrosides

Fenretinide prevents the development of osteoporosis in Cftr-KO mice

Quantifying Beta‐Galactosylceramide Kinetics in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Healthy Subjects Using Deuterium Labeling

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