Immunological Features of Pediatric Interstitial Pneumonia Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and immunologic mechanism are involved in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). However, the role of immune system of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae infections remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunologic features of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae).Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on a primary cohort of children with MPP. Propensity score analysis was performed to match interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary consolidation children.Results: The clinical characteristics strongly associated with the development of interstitial pneumonia were boys, age >5 years, wheezing history, hydrothorax free, lymphocytes (>3.0 × 109/L), CD19+ (>0.9 × 109/L), CD3+ (>2.5 × 109/L), CD4+ (>1.5 × 109/L), CD8+ (>0.9 × 109/L), interleukin-6 (IL-6, <30 pg/ml), IL-10 (<6 pg/ml), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ, <15 pg/ml). After propensity score analysis, children with interstitial pneumonia showed significantly higher CD19+, CD3+, and CD4+ T cell counts, and lower serum IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels. The final regression model showed that only CD4+ T cells (>1.5 × 109/L, OR = 2.473), IFN-γ (<15 pg/ml, OR = 2.250), and hydrothorax free (OR = 14.454) were correlated with the development of interstitial pneumonia among children with MPP.Conclusions: The M. pneumoniae-induced interstitial pneumonia showed increased CD4+ T cells and lower serum IFN-γ level. Specific immunologic profiles could be involved in the development of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae infections.

Efficacy and Influencing Factors of Sangju Cough Mixture in the Adjuvant Treatment of Adult Patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection: A Retrospective Study

“… 25 Some studies have reported that CD3 + and CD4 + T-cell counts are significantly decreased and CD8 + T-cell counts are increased in the acute phase of MP infection. 26 , 27 Therefore, it is important to monitor T-lymphocyte subsets to elucidate the efficacy and prognosis of MP infection. In the present study, we identified that, in the two patient groups with MP infection, CD4 + T-cell counts significantly increased after treatment compared with those before treatment; on the other hand, CD8 + T-cell counts significantly decreased, with more pronounced effects in the treatment group than in the control group, implying that Sangju cough mixture improved the immune system of patients with MP infection.…”

The Clinical Value of Non-invasive Lung Ultrasound in Assessing Pediatric Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

“…The predominant pathological manifestation of pediatric MPP is interstitial pneumonia. In mild cases, in ammatory cell in ltration occurs within the alveolar cavities, while in severe cases, there is substantial exudation of in ammatory cells and brin into the alveolar cavities and alveolar walls, accompanied by thickening and edema of the alveolar walls [14] . The LUS ndings of the children in this study were congruent with the pathophysiological process of MPP.…”

Intestinal bacteria flora changes in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with or without wheezing

“…When MP enters the body, it activates the body to produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the interaction between the two can affect the occurrence and development of the inflammatory response in the body. The body can produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-17, TNF-α, and TGF-β to promote tissue repair by clearing pathogens; the body can also produce anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 to downregulate the body’s immune response and inhibit the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby controlling the body’s inflammatory response and reducing the damage caused by pathogens 18 .…”