Immunological Interrelationships Between Cholera Toxin and the Heat-Labile and Heat-Stable Enterotoxins of Coliform Bacteria

Klipstein, Frederick A.; Engert, R F

doi:10.1128/iai.18.1.110-117.1977

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Although Clostridium difficile is recognized as a causative agent of antibiotic-associated pseuclomembranous colitis (1,2,12), the bacteria or the toxin was not always detected from the bloody stool of the patients (3,13). The pathogenicity of K. oxytoca has not yet been determined although it showed consistent resistance against ampicillin, whereas an enterotoxin from K. pneumonia has been reported by Klipstein and Engert (10,11). In the present communication, we describe a cytotoxic effect of culture filtrates of K. oxytoca isolated from patients with antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis on HEp-2 cells.…”

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confidence: 47%

Cytotoxic Component(s) of Klebsiella oxytoca on HEp‐2 Cells

Higaki

Chida²,

Takano³

et al. 1990

Microbiology and Immunology

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A cytotoxic component(s) was detected in culture filtrates of Klebsiella oxvtoca isolated from patients with antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. Eleven of 12 isolates exhibited cytotoxicity on HEp-2 cells. The cytotoxic activity of K. oxvtoca strain MH43-1 was stable for the treatment of 60 C for 30 min, but inactivated by the treatment of 100 C for 15 min.This cytotoxicity was not destroyed by the treatment with trypsin or pronase, and the component was filtrable through a membrane filter which cut off molecular weight 5,000.

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mentioning

confidence: 47%

Cytotoxic Component(s) of Klebsiella oxytoca on HEp‐2 Cells

Higaki

Chida²,

Takano³

et al. 1990

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…As in many enterobacteria, and as has been especially well studied in E. coli, other factors have also been demonstrated in Klebsiella spp. Although the production of cytotoxins (102,127,149,150,229), enterotoxins (95,(122)(123)(124)(125)148) and hemolysin (4-6, 17) has been sporadically described, these features probably play a rather minor role in Klebsiella.…”

Section: Siderophoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klebsiellaspp. as Nosocomial Pathogens: Epidemiology, Taxonomy, Typing Methods, and Pathogenicity Factors

1998

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SUMMARY Bacteria belonging to the genus Klebsiella frequently cause human nosocomial infections. In particular, the medically most important Klebsiella species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, accounts for a significant proportion of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections, pneumonia, septicemias, and soft tissue infections. The principal pathogenic reservoirs for transmission of Klebsiella are the gastrointestinal tract and the hands of hospital personnel. Because of their ability to spread rapidly in the hospital environment, these bacteria tend to cause nosocomial outbreaks. Hospital outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp., especially those in neonatal wards, are often caused by new types of strains, the so-called extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The incidence of ESBL-producing strains among clinical Klebsiella isolates has been steadily increasing over the past years. The resulting limitations on the therapeutic options demand new measures for the management of Klebsiella hospital infections. While the different typing methods are useful epidemiological tools for infection control, recent findings about Klebsiella virulence factors have provided new insights into the pathogenic strategies of these bacteria. Klebsiella pathogenicity factors such as capsules or lipopolysaccharides are presently considered to be promising candidates for vaccination efforts that may serve as immunological infection control measures.

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“…Third, immunization with this form of LT could provide immunological protection against ST, even though ST is structurally very different (1). Hyperimmune serum to crude LT preparations has been found to provide partial passive protection against the secretary action of ST during in vivo perfusion in the rat (18,19), but no protection was evident in rats immunized with purified polymyxin-release LT and challenged with viable -/ST' strains in rat ligated loops (20,21). We were unable to evaluate this in the present study since contamination of unimmunized rats with an -/ST' strain failed to induce secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…(ii) Immunization with the specific antigens present in bacterial pili which are responsible for adherence and colonization of the bacteria on the surface of the intestinal mucosa has been found to be partially protective in studies involving the passive transfer ofantibody (33), but the protection does not extend to ETEC strains posing antigenically different pili (32>. (iii) Immunization with the high-molecular-weight heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) produces hyperimmune antiserum which affords passive protection against the action of the toxin in inducing water secretion in various animal test models (16,18,24,44), and active immunization protects animals against direct challenge with the toxin in ligated intestinal loops (20,21,38). Immunization with LT has the advantage that, in contrast to the other antigens, the toxin produced by various serotypes appears to be antigenically homogeneous (41).…”

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confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Immunization with Heat-Labile Enterotoxin in Gnotobiotic Rats Monocontaminated with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

1980

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The protective effect of active immunization with a purified preparation of the polymyxin-release form of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), administered using a parenteral prime and peroral boosts given after ablation of gastric secretion by means of cimetidine, was assessed in gnotobiotic rats which were challenged by monocontamination with enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli. Water transport was evaluated by the in vivo marker perfusion technique at weekly intervals over a 3-week period after contamination. Water transport in unimmunized control rats was consistently in absorption in those contaminated by a nontoxigenic strain, in secretion during only week 2 in those contaminated by an LT+/strain, in secretion during weeks 2 and 3 in those contaminated by an LT'/ST' (heat-stable enterotoxin) strain, and consistently in absorption in those contaminated by an -/ST' strain. Rats immunized with a booster dosage of 250 Ag had a significant increase (P < 0.001) in net water absorption as compared to unimmunized rats, with values in the borderline range of absorption, when challenged with either the LT+/or LT'/ST' strains. Rats immunized with a 10-fold-higher boosting dosage had a significant increase (P < 0.001) in net water absorption as compared to those boosted at the lower dosage; water absorption was within the normal range. There was no difference between the ileal bacterial counts of unimmunized and immunized rats challenged by the various strains. These observations indicate that this immunization program provides complete protection in an animal model against challenge by intestinal contamination with enterotoxigenic strains ofE. coli which produce LT, either alone or in combination with ST.

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Immunological Interrelationships Between Cholera Toxin and the Heat-Labile and Heat-Stable Enterotoxins of Coliform Bacteria

Cited by 47 publications

References 53 publications

Cytotoxic Component(s) of Klebsiella oxytoca on HEp‐2 Cells

Cytotoxic Component(s) of Klebsiella oxytoca on HEp‐2 Cells

Klebsiellaspp. as Nosocomial Pathogens: Epidemiology, Taxonomy, Typing Methods, and Pathogenicity Factors

Protective Effect of Immunization with Heat-Labile Enterotoxin in Gnotobiotic Rats Monocontaminated with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

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