Immunological Investigations of Meningococcal Disease: III. Brevity of Group C Acquisition Prior to Disease Occurrence

Edwards, Earl A.; Devine, Leonard F.; Sengbusch, C. H.; Ward, Harold W.

doi:10.3109/inf.1977.9.issue-2.09

Cited by 108 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Individuals were assumed to be at risk of meningococcal disease at the point of infection and not throughout the entire episode of carriage. This is consistent with observations that most cases occur within a few days of meningococcal acquisition [9,10], although there are documented exceptions to this [11]. A suitable function was derived to describe the age-and serogroup-specific forces of infection (Appendix 1).…”

Section: Estimating the Forces Of Infection And Risk Of Disease Givensupporting

confidence: 78%

The natural history of meningococcal carriage and disease

2005

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SUMMARYThe prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage is highest in teenagers and lowest in young children. In contrast, invasive meningococcal disease is most common in young children with a smaller secondary peak in teenagers. Data on carriage and disease were analysed to quantify the risks of infection and disease by age and serogroup. The forces of infection for serogroups B, C, other meningococci and Neisseria lactamica were modelled together with the risk of disease given infection for serogroups B and C, using maximum likelihood to fit the models to the available data. The risk of meningococcal disease given infection declines steeply through childhood and is higher for serogroup C than for serogroup B. The secondary peak in disease in teenagers appears to be explained mostly by increased transmission although there is a suggestion that other factors may also contribute. These analyses provide important insights and may be used to guide further data collection and modelling studies.

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Section: Estimating the Forces Of Infection And Risk Of Disease Givensupporting

confidence: 78%

The natural history of meningococcal carriage and disease

2005

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“…Highly transmissible meningococci with low duration of carriage would be acquired by new hosts more frequently than organisms with lower transmissibility and longer duration of carriage; however, the latter would be present at higher levels in point prevalence studies. As it is thought that acquisition is a risk factor for disease, with most disease onset occurring shortly after acquisition (17,67), this would result in an overrepresentation in disease and an underrepresentation in carriage of meningococci exhibiting high transmissibility and low carriage duration. Accurate determination of the duration of carriage for clone complexes, such as the ST-11 complex, by means of appropriate longitudinal carriage studies (2) would establish whether transmission dynamics represent a likely explanation for their apparent pathogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Serogroups and Genotypes among Disease-Associated and Carried Isolates of Neisseria meningitidis from the Czech Republic, Greece, and Norway

et al. 2004

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The distribution of serogroups and multilocus sequence types (STs) in collections of disease-associated and carried meningococci from the period 1991 to 2000 in three European countries (the Czech Republic, Greece, and Norway) was investigated. A total of 314 patient isolates and 353 isolates from asymptomatic carriers were characterized. The frequency distributions of serogroups and clone complexes differed among countries and between disease and carrier isolate collections. Highly significant differentiation was seen at each housekeeping locus. A marked positive association of serogroup C with disease was evidenced. The ST-11 complex was strongly positively associated with disease; associations for other clone complexes were weaker. The genetic diversity of the clone complexes differed. A single ST dominated the ST-11 clone complex, while the ST-41/44 complex exhibited greater levels of diversity. These data robustly demonstrated differences in the distribution of meningococcal genotypes in disease and carrier isolates and among countries. Further, they indicated that differences in genotype diversity and pathogenicity exist between meningococcal clone complexes.

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“…However, many encapsulated organisms reside on mucosal surfaces where they exist primarily in a commensal relationship with their host. In the human nasopharynx, clinically important examples of these encapsulated organisms include Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) 3 type b (Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Nasal carriage of these species is generally transient but a prerequisite for the development of disease (3,4).…”

Section: Mucosal Clearance Of Capsule-expressing Bacteria Requiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the human nasopharynx, clinically important examples of these encapsulated organisms include Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) 3 type b (Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Nasal carriage of these species is generally transient but a prerequisite for the development of disease (3,4). Invasive infection is a relatively rare outcome but it may be both overwhelming and expedient, occurring within days from the establishment of colonization.…”

Section: Mucosal Clearance Of Capsule-expressing Bacteria Requiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Clearance of Capsule-Expressing Bacteria Requires Both TLR and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 1 Signaling

Zola

Лысенко

Weiser

2008

The Journal of Immunology

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Expression of capsular polysaccharide by bacterial pathogens is associated with increased resistance to host clearance mechanisms, in particular by evading opsonization and uptake by professional phagocytes. The potential for rapid progression of disease caused by encapsulated bacteria points to the importance of innate immunity at the mucosal surface where infection is initiated. Using a murine model of nasopharyngeal colonization, host immune components that contribute to the mucosal clearance of capsule-expressing bacteria were investigated. Clearance of encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) required both TLR and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) signaling pathways, whereas individual deficiencies in each of these signaling cascades did not affect clearance of nonencapsulated strains. Moreover, clearance of Hi-expressing capsular polysaccharide required the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection, and ex vivo phagocytic bacterial killing required expression of the NOD1 signaling pathway. Conversely, redundancies within these innate immune pathways of non-neutrophil cells were sufficient to promote mucosal clearance of nonencapsulated Hi. Our findings reveal a role for NOD1 in protection from encapsulated pathogens. In addition, this study provides an example of a microbial virulence determinant that alters the requirements for host signaling to provide effective protection.

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Immunological Investigations of Meningococcal Disease: III. Brevity of Group C Acquisition Prior to Disease Occurrence

Cited by 108 publications

References 23 publications

The natural history of meningococcal carriage and disease

The natural history of meningococcal carriage and disease

Distribution of Serogroups and Genotypes among Disease-Associated and Carried Isolates of Neisseria meningitidis from the Czech Republic, Greece, and Norway

Mucosal Clearance of Capsule-Expressing Bacteria Requires Both TLR and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 1 Signaling

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