Immunological Perspective: Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastritis

Yang, Hang; Hu, Bing

doi:10.1155/2022/2944156

Cited by 36 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…H. pylori persistent colonization causes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, maybe via the alterations of microenvironment, host immunity and cytokines, and modulating metabolic hormones, which may further contribute to AIDs 157,158 . H. pylori infection activates a comprehensive host immune responses and a dynamically balanced pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines network, which may also be involved in AIGs pathogenesis 107 . For example, pathogenic function of Th17 cells, 159 regulatory T cells, 160 natural killer T cells, 161 and neutrophils 162 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many AIDs, which means the unbalance between host immune activation and inhibition to further cause the damage and inflammation of the body's own cells.…”

Section: Is the Characteristic Associated With Extra‐gastric Diseases...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We believe that, on one hand, both these two diseases and H. pylori infection are related to eating habits, which may be a confounding factor. On the other hand, H. pylori infection can induce chronic and systematic inflammation, 107,108 which may be a pathogenic factor. And possible association between H. pylori infection and hepatobiliary diseases, ophthalmic diseases, dermatologic diseases, and chronic kidney diseases also require further research to establish cause-effect relationship and a well-defined pathogenic pathway, which means that H. pylori eradication will have therapeutic effects.…”

Section: Is the Char Ac Teris Ti C A Sso Ciated With E X Tr A-g A S T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discussion on the common controversies of Helicobacter pylori infection

Yang

Mou

2022

Helicobacter

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has infected an estimated 50% of the world population with 48.6% in adults and 32.3% in children (41.6%[13-18 years old] vs. 33.9% [7-12 years old] vs. 26.0% [0-6 years old]). 1,2 The risk factors for H. pylori infection include age, ethnicity, eating habits, and levels of sanitation and socioeconomic conditions, etc. 1,3 Pediatric H. pylori infection is also found significantly associated with more siblings, room sharing, families infected with H. pylori, and older age. 2 H. pylori infection usually happens in childhood via oral-oral and fecal-oral routes because of their eating habits and living conditions. 4 The oral cavity may serve as a reservoir of H. pylori that commonly exists in supra/subgingival plaque, saliva, dental pulp, dentine caries, tonsils, and dorsal mucosa of the tongue. 5-7 Salivary MUC5B and MUC7 are the major secreted mucins and can bind with the blood group antigen binding adhesin (BabA) and the sialic acid binding adhesin (SabA) of H. pylori. 8 Oral-gastric migration may contribute to the persistent gastric infection, and eliminating oral H. pylori helps gastric H. pylori eradication. 9 After entering into gastric lumen, spiral shape H. pylori quickly penetrates into the mucus layer via corkscrew-like movement which is mainly regulated by shape gene (csd), 10 flagellins gene (FlaA and FlaB), 11 and flagellar motor gene (MotB), 12 as well as the viscoelasticity of mucus. It distributes within approximately 25-30 μm upon epithelium, directly on the epithelium, or rarely inside deep glands. 13,14 This directional movement is guided by chemoreceptors (TlpA, TlpB, and TlpD) of H. pylori via sensing gastric mucus pH gradient. [15][16][17] Motility and chemotaxis are indispensable steps for H. pylori colonization. Anti-motility or chemoreceptors may be promising alternative approach to eliminate H. pylori by colonization defect. 17,18 Additionally, H. pylori can produce a large amount of cytoplasmic and extracellular urease on the bacterial surface to breakdown urea and produce ammonia that protects H. pylori from being killed by gastric acid. 19 Urease inhibitors with a

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Section: Is the Characteristic Associated With Extra‐gastric Diseases...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is the Char Ac Teris Ti C A Sso Ciated With E X Tr A-g A S T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discussion on the common controversies of Helicobacter pylori infection

Yang

Mou

2022

Helicobacter

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“…In addition, all the precancerous conditions of GC including chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), metaplasia, foveolar hyperplasia, and gastric hyperplastic polyps derived from the gastric epithelium are commonly caused by H. pylori infection [ 6 ]. Immunologically, it can evade host immune clearance and persistently colonize the niches, ultimately leading to the activation of pattern recognition receptors on antigen-presenting cells, gastric epithelial cells, and neutrophils [ 7 ]. In addition, H. pylori induces the activation of NF- κ B of gastric epithelial cells and leukocytes [ 7 ], contributing to the long-term colonization of H. pylori , chronic inflammatory microenvironment, and abnormal apoptosis, which further leads to accumulating mutations and malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunologically, it can evade host immune clearance and persistently colonize the niches, ultimately leading to the activation of pattern recognition receptors on antigen-presenting cells, gastric epithelial cells, and neutrophils [ 7 ]. In addition, H. pylori induces the activation of NF- κ B of gastric epithelial cells and leukocytes [ 7 ], contributing to the long-term colonization of H. pylori , chronic inflammatory microenvironment, and abnormal apoptosis, which further leads to accumulating mutations and malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells [ 8 , 9 ]. However, senescence associated with aging and chronic inflammation may contribute to the neoplastic transformation [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori: Problems and Advances

Yang

Guan

2022

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is chronic and etiologically linked to gastric cancer (GC) derived from gastric epithelium. The potential mechanism is complex, covering chronic inflammation, epithelial senescence, NF-κB activation, the cytotoxin-associated gene A protein translocation, and related abnormal signaling pathways. In clinical practice, the test-and-treat strategy, endoscopy-based strategy, and (family-based) screen-and-treat strategy are recommended to detect H. pylori and prevent GC. It has been demonstrated that the decreasing annual incidence of GC is largely attributable to the management of H. pylori. This study reviews the current clinical practice of H. pylori on the detection and eradication, alternative treatment strategies, and related problems and advances, and hopes to contribute to the better clinical management of H. pylori.

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“…Considering that H. pylori is the major cause of gastric carcinoma, the World Health Organization classifies H. pylori as a class I carcinogen[ 7 , 8 ]. The discovery of H. pylori led to increased research to uncover the etiology, natural history, and prognosis of HAG[ 9 , 10 ]. The Kyoto Global Consensus Report on HAG recommended that all individuals with H. pylori infection should receive eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer[ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria as a promising new drug combination for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

Zhang¹,

Sheng²,

Yin³

et al. 2022

World J Clin Cases

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BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is the most important infectious agent and plays an important role in the progression of chronic gastritis and the development of gastric cancer. AIM To identify efficient therapeutic agents or strategies that can treat H. pylori infection. METHODS We performed literature analysis, experimental validation, and network pharmacology. First, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions for the treatment of H. pylori infection were obtained from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and WanFang databases. In addition, we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis ( RCA ) ( ). Next, we used TCM Inheritance Support System V2.5 to identify core drug combinations in the TCM prescriptions. Then, an H. pylori -associated chronic mouse model of gastritis was established. The antibacterial properties and anti-inflammatory potential of the core drug combination were evaluated by the rapid urease test, modified Warthin-Starry silver staining, histopathological analysis, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, the active compounds, hub targets, and potential signaling pathways associated with the core drug combination were analyzed by network pharmacology. RESULTS The TCM treatment of H. pylori was mainly based on reinforcing the healthy Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors by simultaneously applying pungent dispersing, bitter descending, cold and warm drugs. The combination of Coptis , Pinellia, and Scutellaria (CPS) was identified as the core drug combination from 207 prescriptions and 168 herbs. This drug combination eradicated H. pylori , alleviated the gastric pathology induced by H. pylori infection, and reduced the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α ( P = 0.024) and interleukin-1β ( P = 0.001). Moreover, a total of 35 compounds and 2807 targets of CPS were identified using online databases. Nine key compounds (tenaxin I, neobaicalein, norwogonin, skullcapflavone II, baicalein, 5,8,2'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, acacetin, panicolin, and wogonin) and nine hub target proteins (EGFR, PTGS2, STAT3, MAPK3, MAPK8, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, MMP9, and MTOR) were further explored. Seventy-seven signaling pathways were correlated with H. pylori -induced inflammation and carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION In summary, we showed that CPS is the core drug combination for treating H. pylori infection. Animal experiments demonstrated that...

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Immunological Perspective: Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastritis

Cited by 36 publications

References 197 publications

Discussion on the common controversies of Helicobacter pylori infection

Discussion on the common controversies of Helicobacter pylori infection

Detection and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori: Problems and Advances

Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria as a promising new drug combination for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

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