Immunological properties of teichoic acids.

Knox, K. W.; Wicken, A. J.

doi:10.1128/mmbr.37.2.215-257.1973

Cited by 169 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(289 reference statements)

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“…Although these structures describe the majority of teichoic acids, there are variations of structure among wall teichoic acids (inclusion of sugar residues in the backbone of the polymer, side-chain substitution of the polyol residues). These distinct forms of teichoic acids and their content confer different biological significance to the bacteria, even though they are highly related strains (Knox and Wicken 1973). So, it is possible that all these structural variations could provide different AFB 1 binding properties, which may partially explain the difference in AFB 1 binding ability among bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B₁binding by probiotic bacteria

Hérnández-Mendoza

Guzmán-de-Peña

Garcı́a

2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

131

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Aims: To assess the ability of five probiotic bacteria to bind aflatoxin B1 and to determine the key role of teichoic acids in the binding mechanism. Methods and Results: The strains were incubated in aqueous solutions containing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The amount of free toxin was quantified by HPLC. Stability of the bacteria–aflatoxin complex was evaluated by repeated washes with buffer. In order to understand the binding process, protoplasts, spheroplasts and cell wall components of two strains were analysed to assess their capacity to bind AFB1. Additionally, the role of teichoic acids in the AFB1 binding process was assessed. Lactobacillus reuteri strain NRRL14171 and Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota were the most efficient strains for binding AFB1. The stability of the AFB1–bacteria complex appears to be related to the binding ability of a particular strain; AFB1 binding was also pH‐dependent. Our results suggest that teichoic acids could be responsible for this ability. Conclusions: Our results provide information concerning AFB1 binding by previously untested strains, leading to enhanced understanding of the mechanism by which probiotic bacteria bind AFB1. Significance and Impact of the Study: Our results support the suggestion that some probiotic bacteria could prevent absorption of aflatoxin from the gastrointestinal tract.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B₁binding by probiotic bacteria

Hérnández-Mendoza

Guzmán-de-Peña

Garcı́a

2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

131

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“…An important i antigen of gram positive bacteria could be I the lipoteichoic acid, believed to occur on nearly all gram positive organisms. It is thought that this molecule is present in the bacterial cell membrane and protrudes through the cell wall to the surface (Knox • & Wicken 1973, Wicken & Knox 1975).…”

Section: \ Humoral Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunopathogenesis of progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease

Seymour

Powell

Davies

1979

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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Abstract. Natural, humoral and cellular immune mechanisms have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. However, confusion still exists as to the role played by each of these immunological mechanisms. Recently, characterization of the cell types within the progressive lesion has been established, in which four recognizable zones were described. Immediately subjacent to the epithelium lining the periodontal pocket both polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) and macrophages were seen, while cells deeper in the tissues had the morphological appearance of lymphocytes. The majority of these lymphocytes had a B‐cell phenotype although a few T‐cells and macrophages were found. On the advancing front of the lesion the cells had the morphological appearance of plasma cells, the majority of which contained IgG. Other cells found in this region had the morphology of plasma cells yet contained no cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, but they did contain substantial amounts of lysosomal enzymes. Similar cells have previously been described in periodontal disease; their frequent association with fibroblasts may suggest that they are important in the pathogenesis. Deposits of IgG and fibrin were found in the fibrous tissue band surrounding the lesion. These results are reviewed and, although the zones described were not anatomically distinct, by describing the lesion in this way it was possible to establish a convenient model to explain the immunopathogenesis of progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. In this respect, progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in man should be considered as a B‐cell lesion.

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“…Lipoteichoic acids (LTA) and teichoic acids are widespread among Gram-positive bacteria [1,2]. In many cases both polymers are substituted with * To whom reprint requests should be addressed…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alanyl turnover from lipoteichoic acid to teichoic acid in Staphylococcus aureus

Haas

1984

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The metabolism of D-alanyl substituents of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and teichoic acid was studied in Staphylococcus aureus. Double labelling with [3H]glycerol and o-[14C]alanine revealed that during the chase LTA was stable whereas its 14C label rapidly decreased. Half-time comparison indicated an enzyme-rather than a base-catalyzed process. Correlated with the loss of [14C]alanine from LTA was an increase of the radioactivity in wall-linked alanine ester which, after hydrolysis with HF, proved to be linked to teichoic acid. These results suggest that LTA-alanine is the donor for alanine esterification of teichoic acid. In connection with previous data we hypothesize that the loss of alanine from LTA is compensated by de novo incorporation. o-alanyl ester [1,3] which greatly modifies the biological activities in particular of lipoteichoic acid [4][5][6]. In Staphylococcus aureus, the alanine ester content of teichoic acid [7] and LTA [8] varies with [NaC1] of the growth medium, suggesting that alanine incorporation into both polymers is under the same control [8]. As shown with Lactobacillus casei, the incorporation of D-alanine into LTA is accomplished by activation to D-alanyl AMP and subsequent transfer to the polymer chain [9]. The incorporation of D-alanine into teichoic acid has not yet been elucidated. So far no attention has been paid to the possibility of a turnover of alanyl substituents although it might supply the cell with LTA species of different biological activities.In this communication we report turnover of alanyl substituents of LTA and provide evidence that they are the precursor of the alanyl ester of teichoic acid.

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Immunological properties of teichoic acids.

Cited by 169 publications

References 164 publications

Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B₁binding by probiotic bacteria

Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B₁binding by probiotic bacteria

The immunopathogenesis of progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease

Alanyl turnover from lipoteichoic acid to teichoic acid in Staphylococcus aureus

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Immunological properties of teichoic acids.

Cited by 169 publications

References 164 publications

Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B1binding by probiotic bacteria

Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B1binding by probiotic bacteria

The immunopathogenesis of progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease

Alanyl turnover from lipoteichoic acid to teichoic acid in Staphylococcus aureus

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Product

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Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B₁binding by probiotic bacteria

Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B₁binding by probiotic bacteria