Immunological Relationships between Mother and Fetus during Pregnancy

Kaye, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-8039-9_1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Indeed, such HLA-negative villous trophoblast begins to express HLA m v/vo following development of either hydatidiform mole (Yamashita et al 1979) or choriocarcinoma (Shaw et al 1979), but this is not a serious candidate to explain these findings, for we also know that as a trophoblast transforms in vitro, it begins to lose its ability to react with antitrophoblast sera. Thirdly, there is the possibility that some interstitial trophoblast may hybridize with certain maternal decidual cells as many of them are multinucleate, and such a process is known to occur normally in some mammals (Kaye 1980). There is a certain amount of radiobiological data to support the view that this could happen within the human placental bed (Kaye 1977).…”

Section: Interstitial Trophoblastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Studies of Human Trophoblast: Markers, Subsets and Functions

Faulk

McIntyre

1983

Immunological Reviews

160

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People have many different reasons for wanting to know how the allogeneic relationship in normal human pregnancy is successful, but this question is far from being answered. Meanwhile, investigators will continue to use the ideas, approaches and tools with which they have experience and in which they have placed their confidence. Some study the factors which regulate immune functions in the fetus (for review see Murgita & Wigzel 1981); other focus more on the mother (for review see Rocklin et al. 1979); while yet others examine specialized aspects of abnormal pregnancies such as spontaneous abortion (Gill 1983). Although no one knows how the system operates to favor pregnancy, our particular bias is that trophoblast is the driving force which makes it work; for, without trophoblast, there is no pregnancy. This prejudice grew from our early observations of immunopathology in normal placentae (McCormick et al. 1971, Faulk et al. 1974, Faulk et al. 1980b, and reviewed by Faulk & Fox 1982) and was extended and amplified by experiments which showed that trophoblast, as well as antibodies to trophoblast, were able to impede allogeneic recognition as measured by specific inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (McIntyre & Faulk 1979 & 1979a). For a variety of reasons, many laboratories became interested in trophoblast-antigen biochemistry, and a burst of publications appeared on this subject (Faulk et al. 1977, Whyte & Loke 1979, Ogbimi et al. 1979, see review by Johnson et al. 1980). Some of this work confirmed and extended an earlier hypothesis from our laboratory that trophoblast membranes could serve as a hapten-carrier system where one group of trophoblast antigens (TA1) was the carrier, and a second group (TA2) was the hapten (Faulk et al. 1978). This hypothesis invoked a concept of trophoblast-lymphocyte cross-reactive antigens, an idea which was subsequently confirmed biochemically by showing human placental cell-surface antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes (Hamilton et al. 1980). McIntyre and Faulk (1982, 1982a) later showed that these antigens were allotypic, and data have been provided in the above paragraphs to show that these components of trophoblast membranes are capable of serving as immunogens to stimulate the mother to mount immune recognition of her blastocyst. Indeed, it is presently our interpretation that successful nidation depends upon maternal recognition of the blastocyst, and that a lack of recognition results in spontaneous abortion, sometimes occurring so early that the mother is not aware that she was pregnant (Miller et al. 1980).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Section: Interstitial Trophoblastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Studies of Human Trophoblast: Markers, Subsets and Functions

Faulk

McIntyre

1983

Immunological Reviews

160

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“…68 Because only about 200 of the millions of sperm that are ejaculated eventually reach the site of fertilization in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, 69 the inhospitable environment of the uterus may make a large number of sperm necessary for successful reproduction. 70 Other investigators 71,72 have argued that sperm are not selected by the cervix, but that the antibody coating of sperm is the result, not the cause, of sperm senescence and death. Thus, the less active sperm that remain (and eventually die) within the endocervix will be coated with antibody and cleared by phagocytes.…”

Section: Immune Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal and Cervical Factors

Haas¹

1985

Semin Reprod Med

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“…Similarly, the absence of modulation of trophoblast HLA antigens and/or protective trophoblast glycoproteins in concert with immunosuppressive hormones, such as HCG, have also been offered as explanations for survival of the fetus. This situation is complicated by results of animal experiments which clearly demonstrate that sensitization of the uterus with spermatozoa or with leucocytes from the male prior to mating, increases the number of siblings in the litter (26,27,25,28,29). Thus the survival of the fetus may be considered as a pregnancy of hypotheses, none of which have reached term.…”

Section: H L a And Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%