Immunological response in experimentally reactivated toxoplasmosis in mice

Abstract

Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were studied in reactivated toxoplasma infection in mice. The infection was established by immunosuppressing chronically infected animals by thymectomy followed by irradiation. The reactivated infection was confirmed by reappearance of toxoplasma tachyzoites in peritoneal exudate. The animals survived until the 8th day post thymectomy. The percentage of splenic T lymphocytes was depressed after 4th day post thymectomy in both the uninfected thymectomized and infected immunosuppressed animals as compared to the intact uninfected controls and intact chronically infected animals. However, there was no significant change (P greater than 0.05) between the uninfected immunosuppressed control and infected immunosuppressed mice. When the infection progressed to more acute phase there was significant depression (P less than 0.01) in the percentage of T lymphocytes in comparison to the uninfected thymectomized mice. However, there was no change in the percentage of B lymphocytes (P greater than 0.05). The function of lymphocytes as assessed by blast transformation was depressed in the presence of nonspecific mitogens, i.e. phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A until the end of the study. The response to toxoplasma antigen was increased during early stages in the infected immunosuppressed mice (stimulation index = 4.15 +/- 0.1 and 4.5 +/- 0.15 on 4th and 6th day post thymectomy). On the 8th day post thymectomy, there was a sudden fall in the stimulation index (3.5 +/- 0.11). The antitoxoplasma antibodies as detected by indirect hemagglutinin and fluorescence analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests and toxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies as detected by ELISA test were present throughout the study period though at low levels. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects ofNigella glanduliferafreyn and sint seeds on ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mouse model

“…TNF-α has many effects on the immune system regulation and response. It can promote blood clotting and increase the adhesion and migration capabilities of leukocytes, adjust the activation of macrophages and immune responses in tissues, and regulates the generation of blood cells and the development of lymphocytes[1112131415] These effects and the NGSWE results indicate that NGSWE treatment can improve immune functions and inhibit tumor growth in the EAC-bearing mice. Our results show that NGSWE has inhibitory effects on neoplastic cells and the tumor inhibitory effects may contribute to immunity enhancement.…”