Immunological responses in an infant after cyclosporine A exposure during pregnancy

Baarsma, R; Kamps, WA

doi:10.1007/bf01955053

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, immunologic alterations have been observed up to 1 year of age among children born to mothers on immunosuppressive drugs (8,42). This might indicate that the immune system recovery of infants exposed to immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy can vary and sometimes it can take longer than 12 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immunophenotypic Profile and Increased Risk of Hospital Admission for Infection in Infants Born to Female Kidney Transplant Recipients

Ono

Santos

Viana

et al. 2015

American Journal of Transplantation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immunophenotypic Profile and Increased Risk of Hospital Admission for Infection in Infants Born to Female Kidney Transplant Recipients

Ono

Santos

Viana

et al. 2015

American Journal of Transplantation

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“…Globally, the incidence of neonatal complications is lower than with other immunosuppressive drugs. A few reports suggest hematological disorders: the T-cell counts are either increased or decreased with a CD4+/CD8+ ratio always at a higher than normal level, even after 24 months of follow-up [38]. However, there is no clinical sign of immunosuppression, no increased incidence of infections, either opportunistic or chronic and a normal IgG-antibody response to vaccination [38][39][40].…”

Section: Calcineurin Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In utero Exposure to Immunosuppressive Drugs

Prévot

Martini

Guignard³

2002

Neonatology

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The number of pregnant women receiving immunosuppressants for anti-rejection therapy or autoimmune diseases is increasing. All immunosuppressive drugs cross the placenta, raising questions about the long-term outcome of the children exposed in utero. There is no higher risk of congenital anomalies. However, an increased incidence of prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and generally low birth weight has been reported, as well as maternal hypertension and preeclampsia. The most frequent neonatal complications are those associated with prematurity and IUGR, as well as adrenal insufficiency with corticosteroids, immunological disturbances with azathioprine and cyclosporine, and hyperkalemia with tacrolimus. The long-term follow-up of infants exposed to immunosuppressants in utero is still limited and experimental studies raise the question whether there could be an increased incidence at adult age of some pathologies including renal insufficiency, hypertension and diabetes.

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“…The severity of the mother's condition was reflected by the need to replace the graft 8 days after delivery (131). Lymphopenia was detected in an infant exposed to cyclosporin in utero, and further studies revealed an increased CD4/CD8 ratio in this infant (132). In another study, antenatal exposure to cyclosporin exerted a minimal effect on fetal immune development, and had less impact on T lymphocytes than azathioprine did (94).…”

Section: Immunc?suppressionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Safety of drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in pregnant and nursing women

Connell

1996

Inflamm Bowel Dis

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: Drug therapy is justified in pregnant patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. Selection of medical treatment depends on disease severity and the potential for fetal toxicity. Preferably, pregnancy should be planned to coincide with periods of disease quiescence, so that drug requirements can be minimized. Sulphasalazine and prednisolone are clearly safe in pregnancy and lactation. Preliminary studies suggest that lowto-moderate-dose mesalazine is well tolerated in pregnant and nursing mothers. Immunosuppressive therapy during pregnancy in transplant and nontransplant recipients may be associated with an increased risk of fetal growth retardation and prematurity. The risk of congenital malformations from azathioprine and cyclosporin is not markedly increased, although exposure to methotrexate during the first trimester may cause fetal loss and characteristic anomalies. Short-term therapy with metronidazole in the first trimester is not associated with an increased risk of teratogenicity, although the safety of this drug in pregnancy as primary therapy for Crohn's disease using higher doses for prolonged periods has not been confirmed.

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Immunological responses in an infant after cyclosporine A exposure during pregnancy

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

Immunophenotypic Profile and Increased Risk of Hospital Admission for Infection in Infants Born to Female Kidney Transplant Recipients

Immunophenotypic Profile and Increased Risk of Hospital Admission for Infection in Infants Born to Female Kidney Transplant Recipients

In utero Exposure to Immunosuppressive Drugs

Safety of drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in pregnant and nursing women

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