Immunological responses of European badgers (Meles Meles) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis

Lesellier, Sandrine

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2018.09.010

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Outliers with pre-vaccination immune responses have also been observed in other experimental studies in badgers (14). Cellular response to oral BCG in badgers was low probably because mucosal vaccination may stimulate lower peripheral responses and reflect a reduced proportion of the inoculated dose setting established and presented to the immune system (39). The high cellular response in HIMB vaccinated badgers after challenge could be due to a boosting effect (as that vaccine is based on M. bovis) which decreased after week 7 PI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Protective Effect of Oral BCG and Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccines in European Badgers (Meles meles) Experimentally Infected With M. bovis

et al. 2020

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In Europe, badgers (Meles meles) are recognized as major tuberculosis (TB) reservoir hosts with the potential to transmit infection to associated cattle herds. Recent studies in Spain have demonstrated that vaccination with a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine (HIMB) successfully protects captive wild boar and red deer against progressive disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two oral vaccines against TB in a badger model: the live-attenuated M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a HIMB vaccine. Twenty-four badgers were separated in three treatment groups: oral vaccinated with live BCG (10 8 CFU, n = 5), oral vaccinated with HIMB (10 7 CFU, n = 7), and unvaccinated controls (n = 12). All badgers were experimentally infected with M. bovis (10 3 CFU) by the endobronchial route targeting the right middle lung lobe. Throughout the study, clinical, immunological, pathological, and bacteriological parameters of infection were measured. Both vaccines conferred protection against experimental TB in badger, as measured by a reduction of the severity and lesion volumes. Based on these data, HIMB vaccination appears to be a promising TB oral vaccine candidate for badgers in endemic countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Protective Effect of Oral BCG and Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccines in European Badgers (Meles meles) Experimentally Infected With M. bovis

et al. 2020

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“…The humoral immune response in badgers is related to the severity of lesions being more evident in advanced stages of the disease [50]. Usually, in experimentally infected badgers, the serological responses develop gradually from 4 to 6 weeks post-infection [26,51], and persist at the time of slaughter 12 weeks post-infection. This fact agrees with previous studies on IHC characterization in TB granulomas in badgers, which suggest that humoral immunity is not a major factor in the early establishment of lesions [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger (Meles meles)

et al. 2020

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Tuberculosis (TB) vaccination could be used as a key part of integrated strategies for the disease’s control if an effective and safe vaccine under field conditions is obtained. Recent studies in Spain have evaluated the protective efficacy of two oral vaccines against experimental challenge with live intra-bronchial Mycobacterium bovis in captive badgers: the live-attenuated M. bovis BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccine. With the objective of increasing the knowledge of the cellular development progress of infection and generating further tools to discriminate between mild and severe TB lesions between and within animals, the immunopathology of tuberculous lesions was studied to characterize the local immune response (cell type profile) within lung granulomas from control (non-vaccinated), BCG vaccinated and HIMB-vaccinated experimentally infected badgers with M. bovis. Four immunohistochemical protocols, for the specific detection of macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells within TB granulomas in formalin fixed sections of the right middle lung lobe (lobe targeted for the M. bovis delivery), were performed. Immunolabelled sections were scanned and five randomly selected areas were analyzed with digital image analysis software. The results were expressed as the proportion of the positively immunolabelled area within the total area of the selected site. Data was analyzed using the statistical analysis software (SAS). In the three treatment groups, macrophages were the most abundant inflammatory cells within the granulomas, followed by B lymphocytes and plasma cells. T lymphocyes were absent in those granulomas. This would suggest a predominance of a non-specific innate response mediated by phagocytic cells over an adaptative humoral immune response. The proportion of macrophages and plasma cells was higher in BCG and HIMB-vaccinated badgers, respectively, suggesting the establishment of an adaptative humoral response in HIMB-vaccinated badgers. The lower bacterial load at the lung level, as well as the volume of lesions in lungs using magnetic resonance imaging in badgers with the HIMB vaccine in relation with local immune response presented, must be highlighted, since it would be an advantage in favor of its use under field conditions in terms of reducing TB transmission and environmental contamination.

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“…However, rabbits ( 36 ) and ferrets ( 37 ) are also popular small-animal biomedical models for human disease. There is interest in expanding the immunological toolboxes for wildlife species, for example buffalo ( 38 ) and badgers ( 39 ) due to their potential to act as reservoirs for economically-important livestock diseases. There is also interest in developing immunological reagents for marine mammals such as dolphins ( 40 ).…”

Section: The Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Veterinary Immunological Toolbox: Past, Present, and Future

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Immunological responses of European badgers (Meles Meles) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis

Cited by 6 publications

References 147 publications

Protective Effect of Oral BCG and Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccines in European Badgers (Meles meles) Experimentally Infected With M. bovis

Protective Effect of Oral BCG and Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccines in European Badgers (Meles meles) Experimentally Infected With M. bovis

Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger (Meles meles)

The Veterinary Immunological Toolbox: Past, Present, and Future

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