Immunological tolerance and tumour allografts in the brain

Hasek, M; Chutná, J; Sládecek, M; Lodin, Z

doi:10.1038/268068a0

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the initial experiments carried out by Medawar and colleagues (1), as well as others (2), have demonstrated that the immune response to the central nervous system (CNS) antigens does exist (although it is distinct from the response in other tissues), the CNS was traditionally viewed as an immune-privileged site. This depiction set a clear separation between the nervous and immune systems until quite recently (3, 4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted interactions between adaptive immunity and the central nervous system

Kipnis

2016

Science

307

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neuroimmunologists seek to understand the interactions between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system, both under homeostatic conditions and in diseases. Unanswered questions include those relating to the diversity and specificity of the meningeal T cell repertoire; the routes taken by immune cells that patrol the meninges under healthy conditions and invade the parenchyma during pathology; the opposing effects (beneficial or detrimental) of these cells on CNS function; the role of immune cells after CNS injury; and the evolutionary link between the two systems, resulting in their tight interaction and interdependence. This Review summarizes the current standing of and challenging questions related to interactions between adaptive immunity and the CNS and considers the possible directions in which these aspects of neuroimmunology will be heading over the next decade.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted interactions between adaptive immunity and the central nervous system

Kipnis

2016

Science

307

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A better prognosis was achieved by applying an anti-in ammatory drug combination than by using an antiparasitic drug alone [35]. The central nervous system was previously considered to be an immune-privileged area because the blood-brain barrier blocks immune cells and cytokines from entering the brain [36]. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the nervous system also has inherent and adaptive immunity, particularly since rich lymphatic vessels have been found in the sinus durae matris [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin 17-Producing γδ T Cell Induced Demyelination of the Brain in Angiostrongylus Cantonensis Infection

Feng

Zhou

Zheng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection is a typical cause of eosinophilic encephalitis (EM), which has been reported to induce serious damage in the central nervous system. Both parasite and host factors contribute to the onset of EM, but the related immune-inflammation pathogenesis remains poorly characterised.Methods An A. cantonensis infection model was generated through infection of mice by gavage. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the pathologic changes in the brain. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors was tested using qRT-PCR. A combination of flow cytometry and western blotting was used to evaluate the alteration of leukocytes and related cytokines. A critical role of IL-17 was found by injecting IL-17A monoclonal antibody into naïve and A. cantonensis-infected mice.Results A. cantonensis larvae altered the immune homeostasis in the brain, leading to the destruction of myelin sheaths and activation of microglia. During this process, IL-17A accumulation was observed, and IL-17RA was expressed in oligodendrocytes and microglia during the infection. Notably, γδ T cells were the origin of IL-17A production induced by the parasite. After an IL-17A-neutralising antibody was applied, alterations in myelination and the state of the microglia were discovered; the neurobehavioral scores of the mice also improved.Conclusion Our study reveals a previously unrecognised impact of the IL-17+ γδ T cells in parasitic encephalopathy and emphasizes that blocking IL-17A signalling can attenuate microglial activation, thus reducing CNS demyelination and ameliorating the behavioural deficit in A. cantonensis-infected mice.

show abstract

“…Similar data were obtained by Scheinberg et al [66] when using a methylcholanthrene-induced mouse ependymoblastoma which was capable of eliciting first set rejections when transplanted intracerebrally into allogeneic hosts and a second set rejection of tumor cell implants in syngeneic hosts. The presence of specific immunity following inoculation of RSL sarcoma cells into the rat brain was demonstrated recently by Hasek et al [25]. In a transplantable tumor model in which the human glioma tumor cell line D-54 MG was grown in Fischer rats, it was found that intracerebral growth of the tumor cells and survival of the animals was dependent on concomitant immunosuppression.…”

Section: Intracerebral Antigens Escape From Immune Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 90%