Immunology and Rates of Enzyme Evolution in the Amphibia in Relation to the Origins of Certain Taxa

Salthe, Stanley N.; Kaplan, Nathan O.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1966.tb03391.x

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…H. a. japonica representing Hylidae stands apart from these groups, but is closely allied with Bufonidae. It seems important that serological relationship found among these families is in harmony with our knowledge on their systematic positions currently accepted (e, g., Noble, 1931) and evidenced by interpretations on the bases, such as palaeontological (e. g., Hecht, 1963) or biochemical (e. g., Salthe and Kaplan, 1966). We are grateful to Prof. T. Suzuki (Yamagata University) for his kindness in preparing the antiserum and to Prof. T. Otsu (Yamagata University) for providing us with some frogs.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

Serological relationships among some anuran amphibians with a note on their two-dimensional presentations.

Sadaie-Sato

Kusa

1984

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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supporting

confidence: 53%

Serological relationships among some anuran amphibians with a note on their two-dimensional presentations.

Sadaie-Sato

Kusa

1984

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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“…For the reference antigen the value of this ratio is unity, and it is greater than one for all heterologous antigens. The value increases with the taxonomic distance from the donor of the reference antigen (Salthe and Kaplan, 1966). It has been determined that the anti-HLDH does not react with pure MLDH from R. pipiens and that the anti-MLDH does not react with pure HLDH from R. pipiens over a wide range of concentrations of both antibodies and antigens.…”

Section: Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic variation of the lactate dehydrogenases ofRana pipiens andRana palustris

Salthe

1969

Biochem Genet

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“…Thus, zoologists place all living frogs in the single order Anura, even though several of the lineages leading to modern frogs probably diverged from each other about 150 million years ago (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). By contrast, the placental mammals, for example, are divided into 16 orders because of their great morphological diversity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Albumin Evolution in Frogs: A Test of the Evolutionary Clock Hypothesis

Wallace

Maxson

Wilson

1971

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Frogs are an ancient group compared to placental mammals. Yet, although there are about as many species of frogs as there are of mammals, zoologists consider that frogs have undergone only limited morphological divergence, while placental mammals have diversified greatly in morphology and way of life. The serum albumins of numerous frog species were compared by the quantitative microcomplement fixation technique. Frogs that are morphologically similar enough to merit taxonomic distinction at only the species level often exhibit differences in the serological properties of their albumins larger than those usually seen between mammals placed in distinct families or suborders. Thus, there seems to be a contrast between albumin evolution and evolution at the organismal level. The large differences between albumins among frogs can be explained by the hypothesis that albumin evolution has proceeded at the same rate in frogs as in mammals.The hypothesis that serum albumin behaves as an evolutionary clock was proposed in 1967 (1, 2) to account for the results of immunological comparisons of albumins from a wide variety of primate species. Albumin appeared to have been evolving at about the same rate in all primate lineages tested, including the human lineage. More recent immunological studies of primate albumins substantiate this hypothesis (3). A similar rate of evolutionary change, approximately 100 units of immunological distance per 60 million years, has also been detected in the albumins of other mammals (4), as well as of lizards and crocodilians (5). Evidently, the rate of fixation of mutations causing amino-acid substitutions is approximately constant for albumin regardless of the species, mammal or reptile, in which it occurs. A similar phenomenon has been encountered by those who have studied the evolution of other proteins, for example, haemoglobin (6).We thought it important to determine whether a similar rate of albumin evolution occurred in frogs, because although frogs are an ancient group their morphological uniformity makes them the most easily diagnosed of all vertebrate groups. Thus, zoologists place all living frogs in the single order Anura, even though several of the lineages leading to modern frogs probably diverged from each other about 150 million years ago (7-12). By contrast, the placental mammals, for example, are divided into 16 orders because of their great morphological diversity. Yet the diversification of extant placental lineages began only about 75 million years ago (13). The clock hypothesis predicts that we should find enormous albumin differences between distantly related frogs, far larger than those within or between orders of placental mammals.If, on the other hand, morphological resemblance were used as a basis for prediction, we should expect to find moderate albumin differences among frogs. A comparative immunological study of frog albumins has, accordingly, been performed. MATERIALS AND METHODSSerum samples were obtained from representatives of 26 species belonging to ...

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Immunology and Rates of Enzyme Evolution in the Amphibia in Relation to the Origins of Certain Taxa

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Serological relationships among some anuran amphibians with a note on their two-dimensional presentations.

Serological relationships among some anuran amphibians with a note on their two-dimensional presentations.

Geographic variation of the lactate dehydrogenases ofRana pipiens andRana palustris

Albumin Evolution in Frogs: A Test of the Evolutionary Clock Hypothesis

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