Immunology and the immunological response in pregnancy

Orefice, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.07.013

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In fact, pregnant COVID-19-free women were less likely to develop fever or gastrointestinal symptoms after the second dose of the vaccine. During pregnancy, many complex processes leading to immunotolerance occur, including a shift in the T lymphocyte response toward Th1 cells, the generation of a temporal subpopulation of natural killer cells, and the placental production of many immunomodulatory substances such as neurokinin B, interleukin-10, and interleukin-35 [25][26][27]. The purpose of these changes is to ensure the normal development of pregnancy by inhibiting the graft-versus-host response while providing an anti-infective defence in pregnant woman [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerability of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine during Pregnancy among Polish Healthcare Professionals

et al. 2022

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The tolerance and safety of vaccination in pregnancy should be assessed in local populations based on ethnic differences across countries. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the tolerability of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in pregnancy in a Polish population. An online questionnaire enquiring about the safety and tolerability of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was distributed to pregnant and non-pregnant female healthcare professionals who had voluntarily received one or two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in Poland. The two groups were compared simultaneously considering the COVID-19 infection status before vaccination. Compared with that noted in the control group, pregnant women in the COVID-19-free group were less likely to have fever (p = 0.002) or gastrointestinal symptoms (p = 0.009) after the second dose. In the COVID-19-exposed group, pregnant women were less likely to experience local skin reactions (p = 0.009), and myalgia (p = 0.003) after the first dose. After the second dose, the only noticeable difference was a lower incidence of myalgia (p = 0.001) in pregnant women. The tolerability of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was similar in both the groups. No severe local, generalised, or pregnancy complications related to mother or foetus were observed. Good tolerability of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy in the Polish population may facilitate the decision to vaccinate pregnant women against COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerability of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine during Pregnancy among Polish Healthcare Professionals

et al. 2022

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“…Both mother and baby had significant levels of serum IgG antibodies at delivery and at 2‐month follow‐up, and the maternal T cells reactive to the S1 SARS‐CoV‐2 domain persisted. The woman was not immunocompromised other than by the pregnancy, a well‐known state of immunomodulation entailing a switch from the Th1 cytokine profile to the Th2 profile 16 . Indeed, she had slightly decreased Th1 cell levels after the second infection, compared with healthy non‐pregnant blood donors, but that was also true for her Th2 cell levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A study among healthcare workers and individuals living in care homes in England found that risk for reinfection was associated with a lack of NAbs at the time of reinfection 15 . Pregnancy is a state of altered immune state 16 . Recent data suggest that the antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination may be less efficient during pregnancy 15,17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmed reinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 during a pregnancy: A case report

Sengpiel

Carlsson

Liljeqvist

et al. 2022

Clinical Case Reports

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“…The immunology of pregnancy is a highly controlled system, allowing the survival of the fetus and simultaneously protecting the pregnant woman [ 26 ]. During normal pregnancy, there is a significant increase in the absolute numbers of both populations of phagocytes [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Blood Count Peculiarities in Pregnant SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients at Term: A Cohort Study

Covali

Socolov

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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Background: During viral outbreaks, pregnancy poses an increased risk of infection for women. Methods: In a prospective study, all patients admitted for delivery at term to Elena Doamna Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital in Iasi, Romania, between 1 April 2020 and 31 December 2020 were included. There were 457 patients, divided into two groups: group 1, SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (n = 46) and group 2, SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (n = 411). Among other tests, complete blood count was determined upon admittance, and the following values were studied: white blood cell count, lymphocytes, neutrophils, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell distribution width, hematocrit, platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, plateletcrit, and platelet large cell ratio. Results: in pregnant SARS-CoV-2-infected patients at term, there was a significant decrease in white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte count, and an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, compared to healthy pregnant women at term, although all still within normal limits. None of the other components of the complete blood count or fetal outcomes studied was significantly influenced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant patients at term.

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Immunology and the immunological response in pregnancy

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

Tolerability of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine during Pregnancy among Polish Healthcare Professionals

Tolerability of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine during Pregnancy among Polish Healthcare Professionals

Confirmed reinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 during a pregnancy: A case report

Complete Blood Count Peculiarities in Pregnant SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients at Term: A Cohort Study

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