Immunology in the clinic review series; focus on cancer: double trouble for tumours: bi-functional and redirected T cells as effective cancer immunotherapies

Abstract

SummaryCancer is one of the most important pathological conditions facing mankind in the 21st century, and is likely to become the most important cause of death as improvements continue in health, diet and life expectancy.

An analytical biomarker for treatment of patients with recurrent B-ALL after remission induced by infusion of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells

“…These mechanisms induce a state of immune tolerance and inactivate tumor-specific T cells; this situation renders the immune system incapable of recognizing TAAs and of mounting an effective immune response against them. This low immunogenicity and subsequent induction of immune tolerance remain the most difficult obstacles for effective cancer immunotherapy (Marr et al, 2012). According to the seminal theory of immune tolerance and immunosurveillance, we hypothesized that TAAs could be recognized by CAR-T-19 cells in the early period after infusion and that greater efficacy in the induction of remission could be achieved in the clinical response.…”

Malignant Pediatric Bone Tumors - Treatment & Management

“…Three generations of CARs have been developed to date, with each new generation improving on its transmembrane and intramembranous costimulatory molecular domains. No single confi guration has yet been accepted as universally optimal, making clinical applications unique and diffi cult to compare (Marr et al 2012 ). Phase I clinical studies of CAR Ts have shown effi cacy in leukemia (Kochenderfer et al 2012 ), with a fraction of the T cells in these patients displaying a memory phenotype as well (Louis et al 2011 ;Xu et al 2014 ).…”

Broadening the translational immunology landscape

“…These papers have also become a publicly accessible resource through the British Society for Immunology website [4]. This concept has spawned a further wave of recent review papers focusing similarly on 'immunology in the clinic' , which have also proved to be of major interest to readers, attracting thousands of downloads [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Papers that provide guidelines and disease classifications to practising clinical immunologists and rheumatologists are an important part of this dissemination process, and here we have particularly promoted areas such as the vasculitides [3,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and primary immunodeficiency [30][31][32][33].…”