Immunology of HPV infection and HPV‐associated tumors

Majewski, Sławomir; Jabłońska, Stefania

doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.1998.00435.x

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…A cell-mediated immune response with a predominant CD4 ϩ T-cell infiltrate has been associated with regression of both canine and human papillomas (35,40). Although not reported for human XSCID patients, a common feature of the papillomas in the transplanted XSCID dogs was the lack of any evidence of an immune response to the papillomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can function as nonprofessional APCs, but it has been suggested that they may provide a tolerogenic response in the absence of normally functioning professional APCs (35,42). Keratinocytes produce similar cytokines to those produced by APCs, including the ␥c-dependent cytokines IL-7 and IL-15, which have been shown to be involved in the differentiation of LCs (5,28,37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe Papillomavirus Infection Progressing to Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Bone Marrow-Transplanted X-Linked SCID Dogs

Goldschmidt¹,

Kennedy

et al. 2006

J Virol

115

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Canine X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) is due to mutations in the common gamma chain (␥c) gene and is identical clinically and immunologically to human XSCID, making it a true homologue of the human disease. Bone marrow-transplanted (BMT) XSCID dogs not only engraft donor T cells and reconstitute normal T-cell function but, in contrast to the majority of transplanted human XSCID patients, also engraft donor B cells and reconstitute normal humoral immune function. Shortly after our initial report of successful BMT of XSCID dogs, it soon became evident that transplanted XSCID dogs developed late-onset severe chronic cutaneous infections containing a newly described canine papillomavirus. This is analogous to the late-onset cutaneous papillomavirus infection recently described for human XSCID patients following BMT. Of 24 transplanted XSCID dogs followed for at least 1 year post-BMT, 71% developed chronic canine papillomavirus infection. Six of the transplanted dogs that developed cutaneous papillomas were maintained for >3 1/2 years post-BMT for use as breeders. Four of these six dogs (67%) developed invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with three of the dogs (75%) eventually developing metastatic SCC, an extremely rare consequence of SCC in the dog. This finding raises the question of whether SCC will develop in transplanted human XSCID patients later in life. Canine XSCID therefore provides an ideal animal model with which to study the role of the ␥c-dependent signaling pathway in the response to papillomavirus infections and the progression of these viral infections to metastatic SCC.Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the inability to mount humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and it is invariably fatal within the first 2 years of life (9, 46). X-linked SCID (XSCID) is the most common form of the disease, representing approximately 50% of all human SCID cases (9, 18). XSCID is caused by mutations in the common gamma (␥c) subunit of the receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 (reviewed in references 4 and 34). Thus, the XSCID phenotype is the complex result of multiple cytokine defects. The shared usage of the ␥c subunit by receptors for growth factors that are critical for normal B-, NK-, and T-cell development and function explains the profound immunologic abnormalities and clinical severity of the disease.Since the first successful HLA-identical bone marrow transplant in a boy with SCID in 1968 (19), bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has become the treatment of choice for all forms of SCID (10,18,22). SCID patients receiving a histocompatible (HLA-identical) BMT have Ͼ90% long-term survival rates (10,18,22). However, the majority of patients do not have a histocompatible donor. Haploidentical (half-matched) BMT with T-cell depletion to prevent fatal graft-versus-host disease has become the standard therapy for SCID patients who lack a histocompatible donor (10,18,22). Although T-cell depletion...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Papillomavirus Infection Progressing to Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Bone Marrow-Transplanted X-Linked SCID Dogs

Goldschmidt¹,

Kennedy

et al. 2006

J Virol

115

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“…Nevertheless, in HPV-related diseases, immune responses are generally poorly expressed compared to other viral infections, since the viral replication cycle takes place inside maturing keratinocytes able to continuously remove mature virions. These viruses also cause cell proliferation, rather than cell lysis; as a result, during infection, the local or systemic viral antigens presentation to the immune system by the APC is minimal and infection generally persists for months or even years [49].…”

Section: Natural History Of Hpv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral HPV Infection: Current Strategies for Prevention and Therapy

Syrjänen

Termine

Capra³

et al. 2012

CPD

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Infection with High Risk (HR) Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the main aetiological agent of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CSCC) and also associated in a subgroup of other neoplasms, including Oropharyngeal Squamous cell Carcinoma (OPSCC). HPV infection, in genital as in oral mucosa, can also be subclinical or associated with benign proliferative lesions (common warts, condylomas, papillomas) caused mostly by infection with Low Risk (LR)-HPVs. In the last decades, extensive research has resulted in growing knowledge on HPV biology and specifically viral life cycle, biochemical properties of viral proteins and their interaction with the host proteins leading to potential new targets of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines and therapies for HPV infection. In addition, notable progresses have been made in the field of diagnostics to detect HPV DNA or RNA. The recent epidemiological data suggest the significant changes in HPV endemic, due to the changes in sexual habits especially among young generations (i.e. early sexual debuts, multiple sexual partners, oral and anal sex); this scenario has urged on the need of adequate campaigns of primary (sexual education, vaccination programs) and secondary prevention (diagnostics of HPV-related diseases). Due to the growing interest on HPV infection and HPV related cancers, the authors made a narrative review of the literature on oral HPV infection and oral-genital transmission. After this, in view of the controversies about the strategies of therapy and prevention of HPV infection, the present review focuses on the current state of art about the available tools for the therapeutic and, if any, preventive management of oral HPV infection.

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“…The role of immunity is documented by the appearance and persistence of warts in immunosuppressed individuals. 7 Immunotherapy agents that have been tried include cimetidine, imiquimod, interferons, Candida albicans antigens, measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine, tuberculin (purified protein derivative) and intralesional vitamin D. [8][9][10][11][12] Intralesional tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is effective for the warts over injected as well as distinct site and also prevents reoccurrence. Similarly vitamin D is an effective and a very recent modality used in treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study between intralesional PPD and vitamin D3 in treatment of viral warts

et al. 2018

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Background: Viral warts are caused by human papillomavirus. There are innumerable treatment modalities but they may result in partial clearance or recurrence. Some newer and effective treatments include intralesional immunotherapy. We undertook a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two such immunotherapy namely tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) versus intralesional vitamin D3 for the treatment of viral warts.Methods: A total of 80 patients were included in the study. Group 1 patient were injected with 10 TU of tuberculin PPD (0.1 ml) intralesional while in group 2 patients were injected (0.5 ml) vitamin D3. The clinical assessment was done by photographic measurements at baseline, before each treatment session, and after the completion of treatment.Results: In group 1 A total of 80% (32 patients) showed complete clearance and 20% (8 patients) showed partial response while in group 2 72.5% (29 patients) showed complete clearance while 27.5% (11 patients) showed partial response. No significant side effects were observed except for pain at the site of injection.Conclusions: Intralesional vitamin D and intralesional Tuberculin PPD immunotherapy shows significant results in treatment of viral warts.

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Immunology of HPV infection and HPV‐associated tumors

Cited by 41 publications

References 133 publications

Severe Papillomavirus Infection Progressing to Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Bone Marrow-Transplanted X-Linked SCID Dogs

Severe Papillomavirus Infection Progressing to Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Bone Marrow-Transplanted X-Linked SCID Dogs

Oral HPV Infection: Current Strategies for Prevention and Therapy

A comparative study between intralesional PPD and vitamin D3 in treatment of viral warts

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