Immunometabolic responses according to physical fitness status and lifelong exercise during aging: New roads for exercise immunology

Padilha, Camila S.; Figueiredo, Caique; Minuzzi, Luciéle Guerra; Chimin, Patrícia; Deminice, Rafael; Krüger, Karsten; Neto, José Cesar Rosa; Lira, Fábio Santos

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101341

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Contrary to traditional beliefs, exercise is not detrimental to immune competency but rather can act as an adjuvant to stimulate the immune system by inducing mitochondrial adaptations, cell generation and immune surveillance [73][74][75][76]. Physical fitness status can be a determining modifiable factor for the promotion of metabolic and functional adaptations in T lymphocytes and monocytes, counteracting inflammatory environments caused by expanded adipose tissue and sedentary behaviour, as well as delaying the immunosenescence caused by aging [77]. Regular release of muscle-derived anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-15), linked with the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α), have been purported to play important roles in the beneficial effects of exercise on immunity [75,78,79].…”

Section: Exercise Is Beneficial For Immunological Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise

Jimeno-Almazán

Pallarés

Buendía-Romero

et al. 2021

IJERPH

267

163

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is leading to unknown and unusual health conditions that are challenging to manage. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is one of those challenges, having become increasingly common as the pandemic evolves. The latest estimates suggest that 10 to 20% of the SARS-CoV-2 patients who undergo an acute symptomatic phase are experiencing effects of the disease beyond 12 weeks after diagnosis. Although research is beginning to examine this new condition, there are still serious concerns about the diagnostic identification, which limits the best therapeutic approach. Exercise programs and physical activity levels are well-known modulators of the clinical manifestations and prognosis in many chronic diseases. This narrative review summarizes the up-to-date evidence on post-COVID-19 syndrome to contribute to a better knowledge of the disease and explains how regular exercise may improve many of these symptoms and could reduce the long-term effects of COVID-19.

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Section: Exercise Is Beneficial For Immunological Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise

Jimeno-Almazán

Pallarés

Buendía-Romero

et al. 2021

IJERPH

267

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, some (Busquets‐Cortes et al, 2017 ; Rosa et al, 2021 ) but not all (Hedges et al, 2019 ) studies have shown PBMC mitochondrial content and/or function improvements with training. Thus, whether any phenotypic or metabolic changes in T‐cell subsets would occur in response to exercise remains unclear (Padilha et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of acute exercise on peripheral blood mononuclear cells nutrient sensing and mitochondrial oxidative capacity in healthy young adults

et al. 2021

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Exercise has long been considered crucial for improving cardiometabolic health. However, recent research also highlights the benefits of exercise on improving immune function in adults of all ages (Duggal et al., 2019). Given the immune system's complexity, the mechanisms linking regular exercise to enhanced immune function are likely multi-dimensional. Cross-sectional studies have shown that individuals who participate in lifelong physical

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“…Whether exercise can modulate immune function by metabolic changes remains an underexplored area of research, and the ability of physical fitness or exercise to directly modify the metabolism of immune cells is unproven [ 12 ]. In obese mice, metabolic changes induced by exercise training were characterized by an increase in AMPK activity, both in lymphoid tissues and in skeletal muscle [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of them affect the Treg population or the ability of T cells to produce pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines [ 10 , 11 ]. However, the ability of physical fitness or exercise to directly modify the metabolism of immune cells is unproven [ 12 ] but could be involved in these changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Doping with Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated Receptor Beta/Delta Agonists Alters Immunity but Exercise Training Mitigates the Detection of Effects in Blood Samples

Sibille

Mothe-Satney

Menn

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Synthetic ligands of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ) are being used as performance-enhancing drugs by athletes. Since we previously showed that PPARβ/δ activation affects T cell biology, we wanted to investigate whether a specific blood T cell signature could be employed as a method to detect the use of PPARβ/δ agonists. We analyzed in primary human T cells the in vitro effect of PPARβ/δ activation on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and on their differentiation into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, we conducted studies in mice assigned to groups according to an 8-week exercise training program and/or a 6-week treatment with 3 mg/kg/day of GW0742, a PPARβ/δ agonist, in order to (1) determine the immune impact of the treatment on secondary lymphoid organs and to (2) validate a blood signature. Our results show that PPARβ/δ activation increases FAO potential in human and mouse T cells and mouse secondary lymphoid organs. This was accompanied by increased Treg polarization of human primary T cells. Moreover, Treg prevalence in mouse lymph nodes was increased when PPARβ/δ activation was combined with exercise training. Lastly, PPARβ/δ activation increased FAO potential in mouse blood T cells. Unfortunately, this signature was masked by training in mice. In conclusion, beyond the fact that it is unlikely that this signature could be used as a doping-control strategy, our results suggest that the use of PPARβ/δ agonists could have potential detrimental immune effects that may not be detectable in blood samples.

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Immunometabolic responses according to physical fitness status and lifelong exercise during aging: New roads for exercise immunology

Cited by 31 publications

References 179 publications

Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise

Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise

Impact of acute exercise on peripheral blood mononuclear cells nutrient sensing and mitochondrial oxidative capacity in healthy young adults

Gene Doping with Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated Receptor Beta/Delta Agonists Alters Immunity but Exercise Training Mitigates the Detection of Effects in Blood Samples

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