“…The central nervous system and the immunological processes are strictly and bidirectionally interconnected through neurotransmitters, hormones and cytokines, as demonstrated by psychoneuroimmunology (Kusnecov, King, &Husband, 1989). Recent studies have suggested that significant immune disturbances in the periphery may concomitantly influence the immune state of the brain, which in turn could modify the immune modulation peripheral pathways, contributing to the susceptibility of the subject to autoimmune disorders, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals (Theofilopoulos, Kono, &Baccala, 2017;Dantzer, 2018).…”