Immunomodulation by Myxospores of Myxococcus xanthus

Ruíz, Concepción; Ruiz‐Bravo, Alfonso; Cienfuegos, Gerardo Álvarez de; Ramos‐Cormenzana, A.

doi:10.1099/00221287-131-8-2035

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The number of SRBC ingested per phagocytic cell was significantly larger both 24 and 7 2 hours after coat inoculation. On the other hand, the DTH response was not modified by treatment of coats, in contrast to the results obtained with myxospore whole (RUIZ et al 1985). Thus, the results obtained in this work were not significant.…”

Section: (1975)contrasting

confidence: 86%

“…The coats caused suppression when they were injected 2 days after immunization. The pattern of PFC response by coats was similar to that obtained with myxospores (Ruiz et al 1985). However, in the present work the results showed only minor modification.…”

Section: (1975)supporting

confidence: 80%

“…xunthus caused modification of humoral and cellular immune response in laboratory animals (RUIZ et al 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of immune response by coats of Myxococcus xanthus myxospores

Ruíz

Ramos‐Cormenzana

1990

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Treatment with coats of M . xanthus myxospores produced a marked modificatory effect on humoral response, depending on the inoculation model. Also we observed that the percentage of adherent phagocytes and phagocytic index were enhanced after treatment. These results were similar to the effect obtained by M . xantkus myxospores. Data showed that the immune response modifier properties of M . xanlhzcs myxospores are principally present in the coats.

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Section: (1975)contrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: (1975)supporting

confidence: 80%

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Modification of immune response by coats of Myxococcus xanthus myxospores

Ruíz

Ramos‐Cormenzana

1990

J. Basic Microbiol.

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“…Four days after infection, peritoneal leukocyte counts were close to those of non-infected mice [8]. ; this reaction reached its peak 24 h after the injection, and then diminished gradually.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Bone marrow cells were collected by flushing the marrow cavity of femur with Hanks' solution with sodium heparinate, using a 27-gauge needle [8]; the cell suspensions were counted as indicated above.…”

Section: Bone Marrow Cellularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of bone marrow in inflammatory response to experimental Yersinia enterocolitica infection in mice

Ruiz-Bravo

1986

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Mice infected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Yersinia enterocolitica developed an inflammatory response, as revealed by a large influx of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity. When the infection was preceded by the administration of Y. enterocolitica by the same route 4 days before, this resulted in a poor inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, the response of previously immunized animals to infection resembled to those of primoinfected mice. Bone marrow cellularity was decreased after the infection with Y. enterocolitica. Since bone marrow depletion by pre‐treatment with cyclophosphamide decreased the inflammatory response to Y. enterocolitica, we concluded that marrow cell reserve was necessary for the inflammatory reaction, whereas specific immunity did not affect this response.

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Cell‐Derived Vesicles for Antibiotic Delivery—Understanding the Challenges of a Biogenic Carrier System

Schulz

Hartwig

Walt

et al. 2023

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exosomes which are formed in endosomal compartments and microvesicles formed by budding of the cell membrane. [1] While ascertaining the exact biogenesis of these vesicles is extraordinarily difficult, the umbrella term of EVs is established within the research community and will be continued to be used here when mammalian vesicles are addressed. [2] Gram-negative bacteria are also generating a type of vesicle, called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) whose structural elements and content are comparable to that of their bacterial origin. [3,4] Roughly summarizing, both types of vesicles consist of a phospholipid bilayer and contain, depending on their origin, nucleic acids, proteins, and enzymes. The main biological function of mammalian or bacterial vesicles is to deliver content, enabling the cargo to be transported for longer distances, protected from the environment. [5] This allows EVs to be involved in tissue repair or immune modulation by transporting miRNA or antigens for example. [6,7] In pathogens, OMVs play a crucial role in the transfer of resistances, transport of degrading enzymes, or genetic information. [8,9] OMVs may also influence biofilm formation and architecture, providing an alternative treatment avenue for such difficult-to-treat infections. [10] With this in mind, it was only a matter of time that EVs and OMVs were considered as potential therapeutics, such as drug delivery systems.Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) sparked substantial therapeutic interest, particularly due to their ability to mediate targeted transport between tissues and cells. Yet, EVs' technological translation as therapeutics strongly depends on better biocompatibility assessments in more complex models and elementary in vitro-in vivo correlation, and comparison of mammalian versus bacterial vesicles. With this in mind, two new types of EVs derived from human B-lymphoid cells with low immunogenicity and from non-pathogenic myxobacteria SBSr073 are introduced here. A large-scale isolation protocol to reduce plastic waste and cultivation space toward sustainable EV research is established. The biocompatibility of mammalian and bacterial EVs is comprehensively evaluated using cytokine release and endotoxin assays in vitro, and an in vivo zebrafish larvae model is applied. A complex three-dimensional human cell culture model is used to understand the spatial distribution of vesicles in epithelial and immune cells and again used zebrafish larvae to study the biodistribution in vivo. Finally, vesicles are successfully loaded with the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (CPX) and showed lower toxicity in zebrafish larvae than free CPX. The loaded vesicles are then tested effectively on enteropathogenic Shigella, whose infections are currently showing increasing resistance against available antibiotics.

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Immunomodulation by Myxospores of Myxococcus xanthus

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Modification of immune response by coats of Myxococcus xanthus myxospores

Modification of immune response by coats of Myxococcus xanthus myxospores

Role of bone marrow in inflammatory response to experimental Yersinia enterocolitica infection in mice

Cell‐Derived Vesicles for Antibiotic Delivery—Understanding the Challenges of a Biogenic Carrier System

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