Immunomodulator effect of Robusta Lampung coffee extract (Coffee Canephora Var Robusta) in layer chicken infected with Salmonella enteritidis bacteria

Abstract

Salmonellosis that attacks poultry, caused by Salmonella enteritidis is a cause of food borne disease in zoonotic humans. Treatment of this disease uses antibiotics but if used irrationally it can result in the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria. At present many treatments use herbs which are considered to reduce the negative effects of antibiotics and are environmentally friendly, one of which is coffee. Green coffee is considered to have many active ingredients such as chlorogenic acid (CGA), alkaloids, tannin, polyphenols and polysaccharides which are useful as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and enhances the body's immune system. The study used 60 heads ISA Brown day-old chicks (layer strain) chickens artificially infected with S. enteritidis bacteria with concentration of 10 8 CFU/ml, consisting of negative controls (healthy chickens, without coffee, positive control (chickens were given), T1, T2 and T3 was given different doses of coffee extract with 500 mg/kg BW, 1000 mg/kg BW and 1500 mg kg BW, respectively. The treatments with coffee extracts were given on days 3-15, then infected with 0.5 ml bacteria on day 16 and 60 chickens were necropsied at day 18 for histopathology. Data on relative levels of CD8 Tc cells were calculated using the flowcytometer test and analyzed quantitatively using the One Way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95% while the jejunum histopathology was observed using a microscopy and analyzed descriptively. Results showed that Robusta coffee extract from Lampung can act as an antibacterial by increasing CD8 + T cells and repairing jejunum histopathology.

Green Coffea robusta (Coffea canephora) from Lampung province effect toward free radicals in chickens infected with Salmonella enteritidis bacteria

“…Clinical symptoms were observed until day 18. On day 18, the chickens were slaughtered by neck decapitation, and necropsy was carried out ( Qosimah et al ., 2020 ).…”

THE EFFECT OF CHLOROGENIC ACID IN ROBUSTA LAMPUNG GREEN COFFEE EXTRACT (Coffee canephora var Robusta) AS AN ANTIOXIDANT IN LAYER CHICKEN INFECTED WITH Salmonella enteritidis BACTERIA

“…The solution is then filtered and evaporated at 60°C, using a rotatory evaporator until all the ethanol has evaporated (Bahrin et al 2018). The final result is a brown-colored liquid (Qosimah et al 2020).…”

“…This study utilized a type of chicken feed called Charoen Pokphand 511-bravo (PT. Charoen Pokphan Indonesia Tbk), which contains approximately 21-23% rough protein, 5% fat, 3-5% rough fiber, and 4-7% ash (Qosimah et al 2020). The research involved ISA Brown layer chickens divided into five treatment groups with 12 replications.…”

“…On the fourth day, the chickens were injected with an inactivated emulsion ND (Newcastle disease)-IB (Infectious bronchitis) vaccine (Medion, Indonesia). In contrast, ND G7B vaccine (Medion, Bandung, Indonesia) and AI (Avian influenza) H5N1 vaccine (Medion, Bandung, Indonesia) were administered simultaneously on day 10 to prevent virus infection (Qosimah et al, 2020. From day 3 to day 16, Lampung robusta coffee extract was given orally at 1 ml per chicken.…”

“…The bacteria concentration was estimated by observing the spectrophotometer at an absorption wavelength of 580 nm to be 10 8 CFU/ml (optical density = 0.6). Each chicken was given 0.5 ml of bacterial suspension per oral, resulting in every chicken receiving a 5x10 7 CFU/ml (Qosimah et al 2020).…”