Immunomodulator, Mycobacterium cell wall fraction, an aid in control of persistent Mycoplasma bovis infection in dairy cows

Mašić, Aleksandar; Prunić, Bojana; Bugarski, Dejan; Barna, Tomislav; Apić, Jelena; Milovanović, Aleksandar

doi:10.2298/vetgl170308003m

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The proportion of calves treated for respiratory disease within the first 30 days of life was smaller in the groups receiving IS before transportation, but no differences were observed for diarrhea. The effect of IS reducing the treatments for respiratory diseases in the current study agrees with previous work ( 31 ). We speculate that the strength of the immune response immediately after the administration of the IS and the multifactorial nature of the infectious diseases of neonatal calves played a role in this different response during the first 30 days of life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Additionally, fewer calves that received IS administration died compared to CON. These results further support the idea that the administration of IS can induce innate immune response in calves and, consequently, decrease their susceptibility to infectious diseases ( 21 , 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For this reason, immune stimulants that can induce early activation of the non-specific innate immune system and provide the first line of defense against microbial pathogens have emerged as an alternative to treat and prevent diseases and mortality in dairy cattle. The administration of mycobacterium cell wall fraction immune stimulant has been demonstrated to be effective on the reduction of severity, duration and mortality of induced bacterial diarrhea in dairy calves ( 21 , 31 ). However, it was unknown at the start of this study whether it would be effective to improve health and performance of dairy calves transported within days of birth when they are not experimentally challenged to induce bacterial diarrhea but instead experience naturally occurring diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the Administration of a Non-specific Immune Stimulant Around Transportation on Health and Performance of Jersey and Jersey-Cross Heifer Calves During the Rearing Period: Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2020

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Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a non-specific immune stimulant (IS) administered around transportation on health scores (HS), average daily gain (ADG), disease treatment and mortality of Jersey and Jersey-cross calves during the rearing period. Newborn calves (4 d ± 1) were randomly allocated to receive either 1 mL of saline (CON; n = 438), 1 mL of IS before transport (BTIS; n = 431), or 1 mL of IS immediately after transport (ATIS; n = 436). Calves were health scored weekly for 3 weeks after transport. The data were analyzed using multivariable linear mixed models and multivariable logistic regression models. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for time to event analysis. Treatment, birth weight, breed, site of birth, serum total solids, dam parity, season of enrollment, and metaphylaxis were offered to models. Differences in respiratory and fecal HS, and ADG between treatment groups were not statistically significant. A total of 196 (15.0%) calves were treated at least once for any disease and 52 calves were treated multiple times. The proportion of calves treated for respiratory disease and/or diarrhea were 14.4, 14.4, and 16.2% for BTIS, ATIS and CON groups, respectively. Although the differences in the likelihood of treatment for both respiratory disease and/or diarrhea during the first 9 weeks of life was not statistically different between groups, we observed that more calves in the control group received disease treatments around 15 days of age compared with calves that received IS. The likelihood of treatment for respiratory diseases alone during the first 30 days of life was smaller in the calves that received IS before transportation when compared to the control group. Only 18 (1.4%) calves died within the study period. The calf mortality likelihood was not statistically different between study groups; however, fewer calves in the IS groups died when compared to CON. In conclusion, the use of IS around transportation did not influence weekly HS, ADG, and the number of disease treatments during the rearing period, but administering IS before transportation resulted in fewer treatments of respiratory diseases during the first 30 days post-transport and marginally lower mortality rates during the rearing period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the Administration of a Non-specific Immune Stimulant Around Transportation on Health and Performance of Jersey and Jersey-Cross Heifer Calves During the Rearing Period: Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2020

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“…25 Amplimune has also been successfully used to prevent mastitis and arthritis in adult dairy cows. 52 Although no significant difference in the likelihood of health treatments for both respiratory disease and/or diarrhoea was observed between calves in treatment groups receiving Amplimune or saline (control) during the first 9 weeks of life, more calves in the control group received disease treatments in the first 30 days following transportation. 17 Administration of Amplimune to neonatal dairy calves has also been shown to enhance immune system activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The innate immune stimulant Amplimune® is safe to administer to young feedlot cattle

et al. 2022

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Background Infectious disease has a significant impact on livestock production. Availability of alternatives to antibiotics to prevent and treat disease is required to reduce reliance on antibiotics while not impacting animal welfare. Innate immune stimulants, such as mycobacterium cell wall fractions (MCWF), are used as alternatives to antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of infectious disease in a number of species including cattle, horses and dogs. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of Amplimune®, an MCWF-based immune stimulant, for weaner Angus cattle.Methods On day À1 and 0, sixty mixed-sex Angus weaner cattle were transported for 6 h before being inducted and housed in a large single pen, simulating feedlot induction conditions. The cattle were assigned to one of six treatment groups (n = 10 per group): 2 mL Amplimune intramuscularly (2IM); 2 mL Amplimune subcutaneously (2SC); 5 mL Amplimune intramuscularly (5IM); 5 mL Amplimune subcutaneously (5SC); 5 mL saline intramuscularly (SalIM) and 5 mL saline subcutaneously (SalSC) on day 0 following transportation. Body temperature, body weight, concentrations of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12) and haematology parameters were measured at various times up to 96 h post-treatment. ResultsNo adverse effects from Amplimune treatment were observed. Amplimune induced an increase in circulating cytokine TNFα concentrations, total white blood cell count and lymphocyte counts indicative of activation of the innate immune system without causing an excessive inflammatory response.Conclusions Results confirm that Amplimune can be safely administered to beef cattle at the dose rates and via the routes of administration investigated here.

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“…10 The bovine MCWF formulation is currently licensed in United States and Canada under the trade named Amplimune™, formerly Immunoboost® (NovaVive US., Athens, USA), as an immunotherapeutic that enhances the immune system to reduce death loss and clinical signs associated with Escherichia coli K99+ induced diarrhea in calves. MCWF also has potential for use in other veterinary applications, such as the treatment of infectious diseases [11][12][13] and the treatment of cancer. 10,14 The mode of action of MCWF is based on the activation of innate and adaptive immunity 15 with the purpose of the recognition of, reaction to, and quick recovery from infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Non-Specific Immune Stimulant (Amplimune™) on the Health and Production of Light Feedlot Calves

Nosky

Biwer

Alkemade

et al. 2017

JDVAR

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An increasing concern from both producers and consumers regarding the overuse and misuse of antibiotics leading to the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens dictates the need for new research objectives. These new objectives should be directed towards exploring different management practices and the use of antibiotic alternative products to treat or prevent disease in cattle and other food producing animals. The main objective of this pilot study was to determine if a bovine immunotherapeutic (Amplimune™) derived from Mycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCWF) decreases the incidence and severity of clinical conditions that require antimicrobial treatments, thus reducing the cost of treatment and improving weight gain in young calves entering the feedlot. Four hundred and eighty (480) Holstein steer calves were transported from a large commercial ranch in New Mexico to a feedlot in California. Twenty-four hours following arrival, calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (control, MCWF 1 and MCWF 3) and allocated to feedlot pens. Animals in MCWF 1 and MCWF 3 groups received either 1mL or 3mL of Amplimune™ subcutaneously, while the animals in the control group were untreated. For the purpose of the study, metaphylactic use of antibiotics was omitted at the time of arrival. Animals were monitored for 102 days and information on the health status, clinical conditions, treatments and body weights were collected and subjected to further analysis. Groups that received Amplimune™ had 13 and 39 less treated animals compared to controls, resulting in calculated savings of USD 535.84 and USD 1021.36 for the MCWF 1 and MCWF 3 groups respectively. In addition, calves treated with Amplimune™ gained a total of 580lbs. and 1,630lbs. more. Overall, there was a significant beneficial effect observed with regards to morbidity, average weight gain, and medical cost per head for both MCWF groups when compared to controls. Results from this pilot study suggest Amplimune™ as a substitute for antibiotic prophylactic treatment in calves entering feedlot.

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Immunomodulator, Mycobacterium cell wall fraction, an aid in control of persistent Mycoplasma bovis infection in dairy cows

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of the Administration of a Non-specific Immune Stimulant Around Transportation on Health and Performance of Jersey and Jersey-Cross Heifer Calves During the Rearing Period: Randomized Clinical Trial

Effects of the Administration of a Non-specific Immune Stimulant Around Transportation on Health and Performance of Jersey and Jersey-Cross Heifer Calves During the Rearing Period: Randomized Clinical Trial

The innate immune stimulant Amplimune® is safe to administer to young feedlot cattle

Effect of a Non-Specific Immune Stimulant (Amplimune™) on the Health and Production of Light Feedlot Calves

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