Immunomodulatory activities of common vegetables and spices of Umbelliferae and its related coumarins and flavonoids

Coumarins — An Important Class of Phytochemicals

“…Even if it is not so described in the bibliographic sources, most of the food plants, spice plants, and culinary herbs used regionally or worldwide are coumarin-containing plants, thus its effect on health cannot be ignored. For example, the potentially health-promoting role of popular vegetables and spices proved to be derived from Apiaceae [110]. Additionally, the above vegetables and spices also contain several bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids (quercetin, rutin) and coumarins (bergapten, isopimpinellin, xanthotoxin), which are reported to have curative, preventive, or nutritive value [84].…”

“…Table 1 also shows the importance of a number of families containing coumarins in human nutrition. Among other species of interest, the Apiaceae family is a prominent food source of coumarins: carrots, celery, parsley, coriander, cumin, fennel, and aniseed are present in the culinary practice around the world and in the food industry (fixative) [110]. Rutaceae also proved to contain a great number of coumarins with nutritional and economic interest, particularly the citrus and some other fruits such as Bael [115].…”

Untitled

“…), 17 Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa ex, [18][19] Bacopa monnieri, 20 Solanum nigrum Linn., 21 Plumbago zeylanica L., [22][23][24] Coriandrum sativum Linn., 25 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link, 26 Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) Meirs., [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Terminalia chebula Retz., 41 Premna integrifolia Linn., 42 Carum carvi L., 43 Piper longum L., [44][45][46][47][48][49] Centella asiatica Linn., [50][51] Cyperus rotundus L., 52 Vitex nirgundo L., 53 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., [54][55] Moringa oleifera Lam., [56][57] Cedrus deodara (Roxb.)…”

Sebumetric and mexametric evaluation of a fennel based cream

“…This is also supported by the patch test at the beginning of study which indicated that both base and formulation did not irritate the skin. The decrease in skin erythaema can be due to anti inflammatory properties of fennel extract 17 containing flavonoids which include quercetin, ruinoside and kaempferol 18,19 .…”