Immunomodulatory affect of R10 fraction of garlic extract on natural killer activity

Identity of the immunomodulatory proteins from garlic (Allium sativum) with the major garlic lectins or agglutinins

“…There have been a few reports of the protein fraction of garlic displaying immunomodulatory activity; however, none of these reports with the exception of the one on the mitogenic property of the high molecular weight agglutinin (ASA 110 ) by Gupta and Sandhu [5], have been clearly able to define these proteins. The R-10 protein fraction and the 14 kD (based on reducing SDS-PAGE) immunomodulatory glycoprotein described earlier [11][12][13] have an array of immunomodulatory functions ranging from increased delayed-type hypersensitivity response to augmenting NK-cell activity in vivo. A significant down-regulatory effect of garlic's 14 kD protein on the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and increased proliferation responses of mononuclear cells have been described recently [34].…”

“…Morioka et al, [10] reported that the protein fraction of aged garlic extract (AGE) enhanced natural killer (NK)-cell activity and cytotoxicity of macrophages towards tumor cells. An immunomodulatory glycoprotein of ∼14 kD purified from raw garlic was found to augment a delayed-type hypersensitivity response [11] and NK-cell activity in BALB/c mice when administered intraperitoneally [12]; further, the protein fraction was found to augment parasite engulfment and destruction of intracellular parasites by macrophages in vivo [13]. In another study, a 10-14 kD protein fraction was identified as responsible for induction of nitric oxide production, thus promoting the activation of reduced macrophage activity [14].…”

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“…It induced natural killer augmentation against K562 tumor cell line. In vivo studies confirmed that the garlic extract, partially purified by ultra filtration and further purified by chromatography, could indeed induce resistance to the growth of spontaneous mammary carcinoma in balb/c mice 48 .…”

Acute Morphine Administration Reduces White Blood Cells’ Capability to Induce Innate Resistance against HSV-1 Infection in BALB/c Mice

“…Cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS). K562, an NK-sensitive cell line [21] , maintained in RPMI 1640 without phenol red, supplemented with 10% FBS, HEPES (20 m M ), streptomycin (100 mg/ml) and penicillin (100 IU/ml) was used as target cell for the cytotoxicity assay. The cells were cultured in 96-well round-bottom plates (Nunc, Denmark) at a density of 4 !…”