Immunomodulatory and immunostimulatory effects of some bisbenzoxazole derivatives on lipopolysaccharide stimulated mammalian macrophages

Abstract

Benzoxazoles and their derivatives have exerted anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory (immunomodulatory) potential due to their anti-proliferative effect on the cells. These molecules are DNA basebioisosteres, therefore, their mechanism of action could be by mimicking the structures of the DNA bases and halting the DNA polymerization processes. Based on their anti-proliferative effect, in our study we aimed to decipher the potential anti-inflammatory activities of unique bisbenzoxazole derivatives in vitro on mammalian macrophages. Being able to manipulate the inflammatory function of macrophages would enable the regulation of the immune response against danger stimuli. This would enable us better prognosis against different types of the diseases ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer. Our results support the stark anti-inflammatory potential of bisbenzoxazole derivatives RHE 241 and RHE 248 in vitro on the LPS activated mammalian macrophages. After further delineation of their mechanism of action in vitro and their in vivo potency, these molecules could be utilized as potent anti-inflammatory medicines.

Electrospun nanofiber mats caged the mammalian macrophages on their surfaces and prevented their inflammatory responses independent of the fiber diameter

“…Each well was covered with appropriate nanofiber group and the cells were incubated on top of the nanofibers and rested overnight (12 h) before stimulations. After overnight resting 1 µg/mL of LPS was used to activate the macrophages and the cells were incubated 24 h. After 24 h incubation the supernatants were collected for TNFα and IL6 ELISAs by using BD kit and guidance for the protocol as indicated in our previous publications [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] .…”

“…SEM analysis was performed with an operating voltage of 5 kV at different magnifications. All conditions were repeated at least 3 times (N = 3) and t test was conducted by using GraphPad Prism version 5 program for statistical analysis [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] .…”

Immunomodulatory activity of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. flesh and stem fruit juice on mice with carbon clearance and Staphylococcus aures-induced methods

“…So, many people are trying to use various products from natural ingredients that are increasingly in demand because they are considered safer and more profitable [11]. Herbal medicine has a wide range of phytochemical constituents and active substances that are thought to have a synergistic role to produce therapeutic effects and cover each other's side effects that can be caused [12][13][14].…”