Immunomodulatory effect of ginseng stem-leaf saponins and selenium on Harderian gland in immunization of chickens to Newcastle disease vaccine

Ma, Xiuling; Chi, Xiaoqing; Lu, Yuan; Wang, Yuemin; Li, Zoushuyi; Xu, Wei; Rajput, Z. I.; Hu, Songhua

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110061

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Secretory IgA (sIgA) is an antibody secreted by B lymphocytes in the lamina propria in the gastrointestinal tract and presents on the mucosal surface to form an immunoprotective layer that prevents pathogens from adhering to the cell surface and invading the circulation (43). Similar to Ma et al (19) who found that ginsenosides could enhance the immunomodulatory effects of broilers and increase the content of sIgA. In our results, the dietary ginsenoside Rg1 supplementation could also significantly increase sIgA contents in jejunum and rectum both at an early stage and late stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Immunoglobulins A (IgA), immunoglobulins G (IgG), immunoglobulins M (IgM), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 complement C3 and C4 concentrations in serum were measured by commercial ELISA kits (Beijing Sino-UK Institute of Biological Technology, Beijing, China) using the method of Grilli et al ( 18 ). Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentration in jejunal mucosa and rectal mucosa was measured using a commercially available chicken ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) according to Ma et al ( 19 ). Total protein concentration in jejunal mucosa was measured using the method described by Smith et al ( 20 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Dietary Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Serum Immunity in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2021

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The restriction and banning of antibiotics in farm animal feed has led to a search for promising substitutes for antibiotics to promote growth and maintain health for livestock and poultry. Ginsenoside Rg1, which is one of the most effective bioactive components in ginseng, has been reported to have great potential to improve the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative status of animals. In this study, 360 Chinese indigenous broiler chickens with close initial body weight were divided into 5 groups. Each group contained 6 replicates and each replicate had 12 birds. The experimental groups were: the control group, fed with the basal diet; the antibiotic group, fed basal diet + 300 mg/kg 15% chlortetracycline; and three Rg1 supplementation groups, fed with basal diet + 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1, respectively. The growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health of birds were examined at early (day 1–28) and late (day 29–51) stages. Our results showed that dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 significantly improved the growth performance for broilers, particularly at the late stage, including an increase in final body weight and decrease of feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Additionally, the integrity of intestinal morphology (Villus height, Crypt depth, and Villus height/Crypt depth) and tight junction (ZO-1 and Occludin), and the secretion of sIgA in the intestine were enhanced by the supplementation of Rg1 in chicken diet (P < 0.05). The immune organ index showed that the weight of the thymus, spleen, and bursa was significantly increased at the early stage in ginsenoside Rg1 supplementation groups (P < 0.05). Our findings might demonstrate that ginsenoside Rg1 could serve as a promising antibiotic alternative to improve the growth performance and gut health for broiler chickens mainly through its amelioration of inflammatory and oxidative activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Serum Immunity in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2021

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“…Ginsenosides are the natural products of steroid glycosides and triterpene saponins. Ginsenosides family consists of the oleanane family and is pentacylic in nature, composed of a five-ring carbon skeleton (Ma et al 2020). Ginsenosides have shown diverse pharmacological and biological properties, such as antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibitor of cell apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The top-ranking FDA-approved drug thymopentin (Goldstein and Audhya 1985;Fan et al 2006;Wolf et al 2011;Coppola et al 1996;Xiaojing et al 2017), is currently available in the market. The other two compounds, oleuropein (Corominas-Faja et al 2014;Sarsour et al 2012) and ginsenoside (Ma et al 2020) are also promising ones. Hence, these drugs might help reduce the virulence of the virus and can be considered for patients being treated for COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-based inhibitor screening of natural products against NSP15 of SARS-CoV-2 revealed thymopentin and oleuropein as potent inhibitors

Vijayan

Gourinath

2021

J Proteins Proteom

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Coronaviruses are enveloped, non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses with the largest genome among RNA viruses. Their genome contains a large replicase ORF which encodes nonstructural proteins (NSPs), structural, and accessory genes. NSP15 is a nidoviral RNA uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) with C-terminal catalytic domain. The endoribonuclease activity of NSP15 interferes with the innate immune response of the host. Here, we screened Selleckchem Natural product database of the compounds against NSP15, and we found that thymopentin and oleuropein displayed highest binding energies. The binding of these molecules was further validated by molecular dynamic simulations that revealed them as very stable complexes. These drugs might serve as effective counter molecules in the reduction of virulence of this virus; may be more effective if treated in combination with replicase inhibitors. Future validation of both these inhibitors is worth the consideration for patients being treated for COVID-19.

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“…The stems and leaves of Panax ginseng showed an adjuvant effect on poultry vaccines [ 83 ]. Ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) combined with selenium have exhibited an adjuvant effect on the live vaccine of Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and intraocular and intranasal immunization in chickens [ 84 ].…”

Section: Impact Of Ginseng On Respiratory Virus Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections

et al. 2021

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Respiratory tract infections are underestimated, as they are mild and generally not incapacitating. In clinical medicine, however, these infections are considered a prevalent problem. By 2030, the third most comprehensive reason for death worldwide will be chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to the World Health Organization. The current arsenal of anti-inflammatory drugs shows little or no benefits against COPD. For thousands of years, herbal drugs have been used to cure numerous illnesses; they exhibit promising results and enhance physical performance. Ginseng is one such herbal medicine, known to alleviate pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8) formed by macrophages and epithelial cells. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of ginsenoside are still not fully understood. Various clinical trials of ginseng have exhibited a reduction of repeated colds and the flu. In this review, ginseng’s structural features, the pathogenicity of microbial infections, and the immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-bacterial effects of ginseng were discussed. The focus was on the latest animal studies and human clinical trials that corroborate ginseng’s role as a therapy for treating respiratory tract infections. The article concluded with future directions and significant challenges. This review would be a valuable addition to the knowledge base for researchers in understanding the promising role of ginseng in treating respiratory tract infections. Further analysis needs to be re-focused on clinical trials to study ginseng’s efficacy and safety in treating pathogenic infections and in determining ginseng-drug interactions.

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Immunomodulatory effect of ginseng stem-leaf saponins and selenium on Harderian gland in immunization of chickens to Newcastle disease vaccine

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Dietary Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Serum Immunity in Broiler Chickens

Effects of Dietary Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Serum Immunity in Broiler Chickens

Structure-based inhibitor screening of natural products against NSP15 of SARS-CoV-2 revealed thymopentin and oleuropein as potent inhibitors

Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections

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