Immunomodulatory effect of Withania somnifera supplementation diet in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) against Aeromonas hydrophila

Dietary supplement of banana (Musa acuminata) peels hot-water extract to enhance the growth, anti-hypothermal stress, immunity and disease resistance of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

“…Clearance from the circulation is induced by humoral factors such as agglutinins, lectins, cytotoxic factors, and antimicrobial factors, which cause bacterial aggregation in the circulating haemolymph, and enhance the clearance rate [49,50]. An oral administration of W. somnifera extracts at dosages of 0.1% and 1.0% enhanced the bacterial clearance in haemolymph of M. rosenbergii [7]. The clearance efficiency and phagocytic activity against L. garvieae increased in prawns fed with water hyacinth extracts at 1e3 g kg À1 for 12 days was demonstrated [8].…”

“…It is encouraging to note that, dietary administration of polysaccharide gel (from the fruit-rind of Durio zibethinus) had significantly increased the immune responses and resistance of Penaeus monodon against Vibrio harveyi and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection [6]. Moreover, the administration of Withania somnifera and Eichhornia crassipes extracts through supplemental diet had positively enhanced the immunity and survival rate in M. rosenbergii against Aeromonas hydrophila and Lactococcus garvieae infection, respectively [7,8].…”

Simplified processing method of banana (Musa acuminata) peels possess the improvement in immunological responses ofMacrobrachium rosenbergii

“…The effects of L. garvieae infection and stress from the change in water temperatures present a distinctly negative impact upon the prawn industry. The use of plant extracts applied in aquaculture for disease control has been given significant consideration in recent years (Harikrishnan et al., ; Reverter, Bontemps, Lecchini, Banaigs & Sasal, ; Van Hai, ), and these were able to be an alternative to chemical treatment (Harikrishnan et al., , ). Hot‐water extract of banana peel enhanced the resistance of M. rosenbergii to L. garvieae infection and hypothermal stress through injection at 1–6 μg/g prawn after 6 days or diets administration at 1–6 g/kg for 32 days or 4 months of feeding trials (Rattanavichai & Cheng, , ; Rattanavichai et al., ).…”

“…The use of plant extracts applied in aquaculture for disease control has been given T A B L E 4 The survival rate of Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed with different of banana (Musa acuminata) peel products containing diets after 32 days of feeding trial and then exposed to hypothermal (14°C) stress. | 5207 significant consideration in recent years (Harikrishnan et al, 2011;Reverter, Bontemps, Lecchini, Banaigs & Sasal, 2014;Van Hai, 2015), and these were able to be an alternative to chemical treatment (Harikrishnan et al, 2011(Harikrishnan et al, , 2012. Hot-water extract of banana peel enhanced the resistance of M. rosenbergii to L. garvieae infection and hypothermal stress through injection at 1-6 lg/g prawn after 6 days or diets administration at 1-6 g/kg for 32 days or 4 months of feeding trials (Rattanavichai & Cheng, 2014, 2015.…”

“…() studied the effects of plant products on innate and adaptive immune responses, and the prevention and control of fish and shellfish diseases. In M. rosenbergii , diets administration of Withania somnifera and Eichhornia crassipes extracts positively enhanced the immunity and increased survival rate against Aeromonas hydrophila and Lactococcus garvieae infection (Chang, Tan & Cheng, ; Harikrishnan, Balasundaram, Jawahar & Heo, ). Moreover, anthraquinones extracted from Rheum officinale Bail not only enhanced non‐specific immune responses, but also increased the growth performance of M. rosenbergii (Liu et al., ).…”