Immunomodulatory effects of caffeine: Friend or foe?

Caffeine alters the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on neutrophils

“…23 It has been known for a long time that the methylxanthine derivative, such as caffeine, can interfere with the adenosine/ adenosine receptors biology. 5,6 Neutrophils are the most prominent cell type of the innate immune system and are predominant in host tissues during acute inflammatory processes. 11,24 Neutrophils may also play an effective role in adaptive immunity.…”

“…3 A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that caffeine could modulate both innate and acquired immune responses. 6,33,34 Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the effects of caffeine may be partly related to the dose of caffeine. 6 Interestingly, some evidence has suggested that caffeine, even at the concentrations that are relevant to normal human consumption, may possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.…”

“…Indeed, it is capable of binding to adenosine receptors without activating them, suggesting that caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine. 5,6 It also acts as a competitive, non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and, therefore, raises intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. 6 Mesenchymal stem cells are plastic-adherent, fibroblastlike, and multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that differentiate into various mesenchymal lineages, including bone and cartilage.…”

“…5,6 It also acts as a competitive, non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and, therefore, raises intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. 6 Mesenchymal stem cells are plastic-adherent, fibroblastlike, and multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that differentiate into various mesenchymal lineages, including bone and cartilage. 7 Mesenchymal stem cells also showed a potent immunoregulatory activity, which can be a worthwhile strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and graftversus-host disease.…”

Effects of Coffee Intake and Intraperitoneal Caffeine on Bone Repair Process - A Histologic and Histometric Study

“…Caffeine acts antagonizing the adenosine receptors (A 1 , A 2 A, A 2 B and A 3 ) by changing the function of the enzyme adenil cyclase and activating the kinase A protein (PKA) which increases the intracellular concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediator (13), that causes modulation of various aspects of the inflammatory response, and adaptive and innate immune response (14).…”