Immunomodulatory Effects of Formulation of Channa micropeltes and Moringa oleifera through Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Regulation in Type 1 Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the β-pancreas cells. The immunomodulatory activities related to the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines might contribute to control the inflammatory response in T1DM. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of Moringa oleifera-Channa micropeltes formulation (MC) based on the profile of CD4 + IL-4 + , CD4 + IL-10 + , and CD4 + TGF-β + in type 1 diabetic mice. Methods: A total of 30 mice were divided into six equal groups as normal, diabetic mice, diabetic mice with metformin administration, and diabetic mice with MC administration doses 1, 2 , and 3. The mice were injected intraperitoneally by 145 mg/ kg BW Streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T1DM. Diabetic mice were orally administrated by MC for 14 days. The levels of CD4 + IL-4 + , CD4 + IL-10 + , and CD4 + TGF-β + were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Results: The DM group had low levels of IL-4 and IL-10, but high levels of TGF-β as compared to the normal. Administration of MC in certain doses significantly increased the levels of IL-4 and IL-10, while inversely decreased the levels of TGF-β in diabetic mice at the levels close to the normal and significantly different from the DM group. The glucose levels in diabetic mice after MC administration were significantly lower than the DM group. Conclusion:Based on the results, MC administration in a dosage-dependent manner might have the immunomodulatory effect to reduce the inflammation by increasing IL-4 and IL-10 and suppressing TGF-β in type 1 diabetic mice.

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“…STZ had a structure similar to glucose that could enter the cell through GLUT2 (Graham et al, 2011). We selected strain BALB/c mice because this strain is a widely used animal model in diabetes mellitus research (Adharini et al, 2020). The liver regulates glucose level homeostasis through glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen synthesis.…”

“…When the mice's blood glucose level exceeded 200 mg/dL, they were considered in T1DM condition. Previous experiment reported that T1DM in male mice BALB/c could be induced with a single high-dose injection of STZ (Adharini et al, 2020).…”

“…Wash buffer solution (BioLegend, USA) was added for permeabilization.TNF, IFN, IL-10, and MDA antibodies as intracellular antibodies were used to stain the cells after centrifugation. The samples were prepared for analysis using flow cytometry(BD FACS-Calibur, USA) by adding 400 μL of PBS to the cuvette (Adharini et al, 2020).…”

Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), and their Combination on Blood Glucose, Superoxide Dismutase, and Malondialdehyde Levels in Diabetic Rat

“…Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia an elevated blood glucose levels exceeding the normal range, 1 resulting from abnormalities in insulin secretion (due to dysfunction of β cells of islet), insulin resistance, or both. 2 This condition stems from either the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin or the body's inability to utilize insulin. 3 The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported in 2021 that the number of diagnosed diabetes patients worldwide is up to 537 million.…”