Immunomodulatory mechanism of a purified polysaccharide isolated from Isaria cicadae Miquel on RAW264.7 cells via activating TLR4-MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway

Polysaccharides from Spores of Cordyceps cicadae Protect against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Oxidative Stress in Mice

“…Xu et al [ 11 ] compared the pharmacological activity of two polysaccharides from C. cicadae (JCH-1 and JCH-2), and found that the immunomodulatory activity of JCH-1 with low molecular weight was more potent than that of JCH-2 with high molecular weight. In a follow-up study, it was demonstrated that JCH-1 could active RAW264.7 cells via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediated mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway [ 12 ]. A recent paper demonstrated that polysaccharides from the mycelium and coremium of C. cicadae exhibited hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects in diabetes rats [ 13 ].…”

Preparation, chemical structure, and immunostimulatory activity of a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide from Suillus granulatus fruiting bodies

“…They have been proposed to participate in and control cellular response to the extracellular stimulus such as lipopolysaccharides, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and polysaccharides ( Ren et al, 2017 ). Several researches have reported that polysaccharides from Durvillaea Antarctica ( Yang et al, 2018 ), Gynostemma pentaphyllum ( Ren et al, 2019 ), and Isaria cicadae ( Xu et al, 2020 ) can activate macrophage through MAPKs phosphorylation. In the present study, whether MAPKs signaling pathway participated in SGP2-1-mediated RAW 264.7 macrophage activation was investigated.…”

“…However, IκB proteins are phosphorylated and degraded through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway under stimulation. Subsequently, released NF-κB migrates into the cell nucleus and regulates the transcription of target genes ( Xu et al, 2020 ). It has been documented that the phosphorylation of MAPKs and Akt can mediate immunomodulatory effects through activating NF-κB transcription factor ( Ren et al, 2019 ).…”

Formosanin C attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through nuclear factor-κB inhibition in macrophages

“…It has been shown that TLR4-mediated activation of MAPK (p38, JNK, and ERK) mediates LPS-induced activation of NF-κB, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory mediators [26]. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway acts as a crucial upstream regulator of NF-κB activation by targeting the trans-activation domain of NF-κB p65 [27].…”