Immunomodulatory natural polysaccharides: An overview of the mechanisms involved

Eswar, Kalyani; Mukherjee, Sunny; Prabusankar, Ganesan; Rengan, Aravind Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111935

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…The M w and M n of GAP-2 were calculated by combining the retention time and standard curve to be 21.3 kDa and 15.3 kDa, respectively. The study has shown that the biological activity of polysaccharides is closely related to their molecular weight, 29 and polysaccharides with a molecular weight between 3 and 300 kDa tend to exhibit higher biological activities. 30…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural features and in vitro antitumor activity of a water-extracted polysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum

et al. 2023

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural features and in vitro antitumor activity of a water-extracted polysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum

et al. 2023

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“…Also, improving fermentation strategies can increase the yield and productivity of EPSs from microbes. New or enhanced fermentation techniques that are cost-effective and robust are important and highly required for optimizing microbial EPS production on the industrial scale ( Mahmoud et al, 2021 ; Eswar et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tapping the biosynthetic potential of marine Bacillus licheniformis LHG166, a prolific sulphated exopolysaccharide producer: structural insights, bio-prospecting its antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and anti-biofilm potency as a novel anti-infective lead

Alharbi,

Azeez,

Alhussain

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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The escalating global threat of antimicrobial resistance necessitates prospecting uncharted microbial biodiversity for novel therapeutic leads. This study mines the promising chemical richness of Bacillus licheniformis LHG166, a prolific exopolysaccharide (EPSR2-7.22 g/L). It comprised 5 different monosaccharides with 48.11% uronic acid, 17.40% sulfate groups, and 6.09% N-acetyl glucosamine residues. EPSR2 displayed potent antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS+, TAC and FRAP assays. Of all the fungi tested, the yeast Candida albicans displayed the highest susceptibility and antibiofilm inhibition. The fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium glabrum showed moderate EPSR2 susceptibility. In contrast, the fungi Mucor circinelloides and Trichoderma harzianum were resistant. Among G+ve tested bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis was the most susceptible, while Salmonella typhi was the most sensitive to G−ve pathogens. Encouragingly, EPSR2 predominantly demonstrated bactericidal effects against both bacterial classes based on MBC/MIC of either 1 or 2 superior Gentamicin. At 75% of MBC, EPSR2 displayed the highest anti-biofilm activity of 88.30% against B. subtilis, while for G−ve antibiofilm inhibition, At 75% of MBC, EPSR2 displayed the highest anti-biofilm activity of 96.63% against Escherichia coli, Even at the lowest dose of 25% MBC, EPSR2 reduced biofilm formation by 84.13% in E. coli, 61.46% in B. subtilis. The microbial metabolite EPSR2 from Bacillus licheniformis LHG166 shows promise as an eco-friendly natural antibiotic alternative for treating infections and oxidative stress.

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“…In modern breeding systems, broilers are often affected by various external factors such as disease, nutrition, and environment, resulting in growth disorders, poor health, and even high mortality due to poorly developed intestinal function and immature immunity (41). Polysaccharides are a group of powerful natural immunomodulation that can stimulate the growth of immune organs, stimulate immune cells, activate the complementsystem and liberate cytokines (5,(42)(43)(44)(45). Polysaccharides are used as green feed additives to enhance poultry immunity and disease resistance and regulate the balance of gut microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestinal flora in broiler by deep eutectic solvent extracted polysaccharides of Acanthopanax senticosus

Su,

Xue,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionThe aim of this experiment was to investigate the modulation effect of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS-PD) extracted with deep eutectic solvent on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in broilers and its modulation of the gut microbiota of broilers.MethodsThe 108 one-day-old broilers were divided into six groups, including the control group, the Cyclophosphamide (CY) model group, the ASPS-PD control group, the ASPA-PD high and low dose groups and the Astragalus polysaccharide group. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and immune organ index of broilers at 7, 14, and 21 days were determined; IL-2, IFN-γ, and lgG1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Broiler caeca feces were analyzed by amplification and 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsThe results showed that ASPS-PD can restore growth performance, increase immune organ index and improve serum cytokine levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ and immunoglobulin lgG1 levels in CY-treated broilers. The analysis of cecum flora showed that ASPS-PD can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and reduce the number of harmful bacteria, regulating intestinal flora.DiscussionTherefore, ASPA-PD may be a potential novel immunomodulator to ameliorate CY-induced immunosuppression and intestinal flora dysregulation in broiler.

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Immunomodulatory natural polysaccharides: An overview of the mechanisms involved

Cited by 16 publications

References 181 publications

Structural features and in vitro antitumor activity of a water-extracted polysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum

Structural features and in vitro antitumor activity of a water-extracted polysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum

Tapping the biosynthetic potential of marine Bacillus licheniformis LHG166, a prolific sulphated exopolysaccharide producer: structural insights, bio-prospecting its antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and anti-biofilm potency as a novel anti-infective lead

Modulation of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestinal flora in broiler by deep eutectic solvent extracted polysaccharides of Acanthopanax senticosus

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