Immunonutrition: role of sulfur amino acids, related amino acids, and polyamines

Grimble, Robert F.; Grimble, G.

doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(98)80041-5

Cited by 166 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This illustrates that caution must be exercised when only plasma kinetics are available, as in the current study. Nonetheless, deficiency of sulphur-AA has been suggested to compromise anti-inflammatory responses (41) , supported by earlier observations in sheep treated with endotoxin that showed a marked decrease in plasma methionine (42) , whereas in septic rats there was an 80 % increase in the transsulphuration pathway that leads to cysteine synthesis (43) . Although the mild endotoxaemia induced in the current sheep did not lead to altered cysteine ILR, the response to supplemental methionine was reduced during the LPS challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

et al. 2015

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Some effects of parasitism, endotoxaemia or sepsis can be mitigated by provision of extra protein. Supplemented protein may encompass a metabolic requirement for specific amino acids (AA). The current study investigates a method to identify and quantify the amounts of AA required during inflammation induced by an endotoxin challenge. One of each pair of six twin sheep was infused in the jugular vein for 20 h with either saline (control) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 ng/kg body weight per min) from Escherichia coli. Between 12 and 20 h a mixture of stable isotope-labelled AA was infused to measure irreversible loss rates. From 16 to 20 h all sheep were supplemented with a mixture of unlabelled AA infused intravenously. Blood samples were taken before the start of infusions, and then continuously over intervals between 14 and 20 h. At 20 h the sheep were euthanised, and liver and kidney samples were taken for measurement of serine-threonine dehydratase (SDH) activity. LPS infusion decreased plasma concentrations of most AA (P < 0·05; P < 0·10 for leucine and tryptophan), except for phenylalanine (which increased P = 0·022) and tyrosine. On the basis of the incremental response to the supplemental AA, arginine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, lysine (tendency only), glycine, methionine, proline, serine and threonine were important in the metabolic response to the endotoxaemia. The AA infusion between 16 and 20 h restored the plasma concentrations in the LPS-treated sheep for the majority of AA, except for glutamine, isoleucine, methionine, serine and valine. LPS treatment increased (P < 0·02) SDH activity in both liver and kidney. The approach allows quantification of key AA required during challenge situations.Key words: Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide: Amino acids: Irreversible loss rate: Serine-threonine dehydratase: SheepThe protein and amino acid (AA) demands of animals for normal physiological states (e.g. growth, pregnancy and lactation) are now well characterised, especially for pigs and poultry (1) and with progress made in ruminants (2) . These requirements are altered, however, in response to injury, infection and parasitic challenge. In many cases, impact of these challenges can be ameliorated and the rate of recovery improved by provision of additional protein in the diet (3)(4)(5)(6) . Often, however, the amount of protein required is not known, with consequences for both animal performance and farm economics.More importantly, protein per se may not be required, but instead the metabolic responses to the challenge may increase the demand for specific AA. For example, practical and theoretical arguments have been presented for additional arginine in cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders (7)(8)(9)(10) , for cysteine (11) , leucine (12) and threonine (13) in sepsis, for glutamine in endotoxaemia (10) , and for phenylalanine to support acutephase protein synthesis (14) . In other situations, combinations of AA have been proposed (10,15,16) . Obviously different stages of injury, infection or recover...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

et al. 2015

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“…During infection and other proinflammatory states, there is increased methionine use to support leukocyte proliferation and synthesis of acute phase proteins and polyamines (54). We would predict that this increase would lead to higher levels of MTA and flux through the methionine salvage pathway, which could support a more robust pyroptotic response.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional genetic screen of human diversity reveals that a methionine salvage enzyme regulates inflammatory cell death

Ko¹,

Gamazon

Shukla³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Genome-wide association studies can identify common differences that contribute to human phenotypic diversity and disease. When genome-wide association studies are combined with approaches that test how variants alter physiology, biological insights can emerge. Here, we used such an approach to reveal regulation of cell death by the methionine salvage pathway. A common SNP associated with reduced expression of a putative methionine salvage pathway dehydratase, apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1)-interacting protein (APIP), was associated with increased caspase-1-mediated cell death in response to Salmonella. The role of APIP in methionine salvage was confirmed by growth assays with methionine-deficient media and quantitation of the methionine salvage substrate, 5′-methylthioadenosine. Reducing expression of APIP or exogenous addition of 5′-methylthioadenosine increased Salmonellae-induced cell death. Consistent with APIP originally being identified as an inhibitor of caspase-9-dependent apoptosis, the same allele was also associated with increased sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin. Our results show that common human variation affecting expression of a single gene can alter susceptibility to two distinct cell death programs. Furthermore, the same allele that promotes cell death is associated with improved survival of individuals with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, suggesting a possible evolutionary pressure that may explain the geographic pattern observed for the frequency of this SNP. Our study shows that in vitro association screens of disease-related traits can not only reveal human genetic differences that contribute to disease but also provide unexpected insights into cell biology.HapMap | lymphoblastoid | pyroptosis | quantitative trait | polygenic adaptation

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“…Diet supplementation by polyamines or by the recently marketed S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe), has been termed "immunonutrition" and has been postulated to improve gut or systemic defenses to infection and injury. 64 SAMe therapy has been shown to protect against TNF hepatotoxicity in vitro and in animal models of liver injury. Patients with alcohol-induced liver disease have decreased SAMe levels, which may predispose to mitochondrial glutathione depletion and dysfunction.…”

Section: Vitamins Antioxidants and Immune Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary and alternative medicine in chronic liver disease

et al. 2001

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Immunonutrition: role of sulfur amino acids, related amino acids, and polyamines

Cited by 166 publications

References 45 publications

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

Functional genetic screen of human diversity reveals that a methionine salvage enzyme regulates inflammatory cell death

Complementary and alternative medicine in chronic liver disease

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