Immunonutritional support as an important part of multidisciplinary anti-cancer therapy

Abstract

Immunonutrition is one of the most important parts of nutritional treatment in patients with cancer. There are studies which confirm positive effects of using immunonutrition (arginine, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids, nucleotides, pre-and probiotics) among others on the reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations, shortening of the hospital stay and improvement of the nutritional status. arginine takes part not only in wound healing process, but also it improves body's immunity and reduces the incidence of infections. Glutamine reduces the incidence of acute grade 2 and 3 esophagitis and improves quality of life of gastric cancer patients. omega 3-fatty acids have the ability to inhibit the activity of nF-κb. They also reduce the symptoms of graft-versus-host disease in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. nucleotides support the regeneration of intestinal villi. Probiotics play many roles, mainly inhibit the process of carcinogenesis, reduce the incidence of diarrhea and modify intestinal microbiome. however, there are studies indicating the lack of advantages of using immunonutrition compared to standard nutrition. currently, there is no clear evidence for the use of formulae enriched with immunonutrients versus standard oral nutritional supplements exclusively in the preoperative period. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of immunonutrition in supporting treatment of cancer diseases.

Immunonutrition with Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Severe TBI: Retrospective Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Outcomes

“…In rodent models of TBI, eicosanoid n-3 PUFA therapy has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective against in ammation-mediated oxidative stress and pro-apoptotic signaling after TBI [24][25][26] , and can reduce proin ammatory signaling, maintain mitochondrial integrity, and reduce infarct size in stroke models [27][28][29] . Additional amino acid components of immunonutrition, speci cally arginine and glutamine, have been shown to support the synthesis of several cellular proteins vital to oxidative metabolism, immune function, and cellular repair [30][31][32] .…”

The significance of immunonutrition nutritional support in patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for lung cancer: case–control study

“…A review of literature reveals that different surgical units use different scoring systems for patient selection. In addition to nutritional status screening tests, there are also algorithms advocating the necessity of starting nutritional support based on clinical opinions in patients who are thought to have impaired food intake due to weight loss, body mass index, disease status, surgery, or anticancer treatment [ 27 , 28 ].…”

A Phase 1 study of ADI‐PEG20 (pegargiminase) combined with cisplatin and pemetrexed in ASS1‐negative metastatic uveal melanoma

“…Thus, arginine is essential for T‐cell‐mediated anti‐tumour immune responses, and tumour‐derived arginases have been studied extensively over the last two decades as a mechanism of immunosuppression (Munder, 2009). Moreover, arginase inhibitors in combination with immune checkpoint blockade and arginine supplementation are under investigation in various malignancies (Kazmierczak‐Siedlecka et al, 2020; Miret et al, 2019). This contrasts with work showing that arginine deprivation with ADI‐PEG20 may enhance PD‐1/PD‐L1‐based immune checkpoint blockade via upregulation of PD‐L1 tumoural expression and modulation of a T‐cell infiltrate in aggressive tumour xenograft models including B16 melanoma (Brin et al, 2017).…”