Immunopathogenesis of canine angistrongylosis: Pulmonary effects of infection

Caruso, J.P.; Prestwood, Annie K.

doi:10.1016/0147-9571(88)90022-7

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…4,7,23 The most consistent finding in infected dogs was interstitial pneumonia with prominent vascular changes. Pneumonia, in these cases, was generally granulomatous with variable amounts of suppurative and eosinophilic inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The extrinsic coagulation pathway may also be activated via the release of tissue factor (or thromboplastin) from damaged tissues secondary to chronic inflammation and areas of tissue infarction. 7 It is also possible that the parasite secretes substances that promote intravascular coagulation. Commonly reported abnormalities in affected dogs include thrombocytopenia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological Findings in Dogs Naturally Infected with Angiostrongylus Vasorum in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Fifty-six dogs from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, were evaluated for Angiostrongylus vasorum infection. Small numbers of nematodes were found within pulmonary arteries of 6 dogs. Larvae were identified in fecal samples in 2 of 6 dogs. All 6 dogs had multifocal granulomatous pneumonia and sometimes foci of chronic thrombosis, which varied from very mild to severe. One dog had extensive pulmonary lesions resulting in cor pulmonale. Right heart failure was characterized by right ventricular hypertrophy, hepatic congestion, ascites, and hydrothorax. Microscopically, in most cases, eggs, larvae, and sometimes intravascular adults, were present within lung tissue sections. Small foci of granulomatous inflammation with and without larvae were present in kidney and brain in 4 dogs. An additional dog, diagnosed antemortem with angiostrongylosis via fecal examination, was also examined. Pathological findings consisted of severe pyogranulomatous interstitial pneumonia with myriad eggs, larvae, and numerous intravascular pulmonary adult nematodes with extensive arterial thrombosis. Five hundred and seventy-two adult worms were removed from pulmonary arteries. Foci of granulomatous inflammation, often associated with larvae and/or eggs, were present in tracheobronchial lymph nodes, adrenal gland, brain, and kidneys. Severe seizuring noted antemortem was attributed to several large, discrete areas of acute hemorrhagic infarction within the cerebrum and cerebellum. Natural A. vasorum infection in domestic dogs in eastern Newfoundland causes lung pathology of variable severity, which in some cases, may progress to cor pulmonale and which may be associated with extrapulmonary lesions and clinical signs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Findings in Dogs Naturally Infected with Angiostrongylus Vasorum in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

et al. 2008

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“…b The cut surface appeared granular mechanism of the onset of thrombocytopenia and generally of bleeding disorders during A. vasorum infections have been repeatedly discussed but are still not fully understood (Morgan et al 2005;Koch and Willesen 2009). Chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as a consequence of consumptive coagulopathy (Ramsey et al 1996), as well as an immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (Gould and McInnes 1999), von Willebrand factor deficiency (Whitley et al 2005) or accumulation of immune complexes in the lung vessels stimulating the intrinsic pathway in addition to the secretion of antigens by adult worms and larvae (Caruso and Prestwood 1988) have all been suggested as potential influencing factors.…”

Section: Pre-treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in dogs experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum

et al. 2010

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The aim of this comparative study was to investigate the development of clinical signs and accompanying haematological, coproscopic and pathological findings as a basis for the monitoring of health condition of Angiostrongylus vasorum infected dogs. Six beagles were orally inoculated with 50 (n=3) or 500 (n=3) A. vasorum third stage larvae (L3) obtained from experimentally infected Biomphalaria glabrata snails. Two dogs were treated with moxidectin/imidacloprid spot-on solution and two further dogs with an oral experimental compound 92 days post infection (dpi), and were necropsied 166 dpi. Two untreated control dogs were necropsied 97 dpi. Prepatency was 47-49 days. Dogs inoculated with 500 L3 exhibited earlier (from 42 dpi) and more severe respiratory signs. Clinical signs resolved 12 days after treatment and larval excretion stopped within 20 days in all four treated dogs. Upon necropsy, 10 and 170 adult worms were recovered from the untreated dogs inoculated with 50 and 500 L3, respectively. Adult worms were also found in two treated dogs, in the absence of L1 or eggs. Despite heavy A. vasorum infection load and severe pulmonary changes including vascular thrombosis, only mild haematological changes were observed. Eosinophilia was absent but the presence of plasma cells was observed. Neutrophilic leucocytes showed a transient increase but only after treatment. Signs for coagulopathies were slight; nevertheless coagulation parameters were inoculation dose dependent. Ten weeks after treatment pulmonary fibrosis was still present. Infections starting from 50 L3 of A. vasorum had a massive impact on lung tissues and therefore on the health of affected dogs, particularly after prepatency, although only mild haematological abnormalities were evident.

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“…Infected dogs may exhibit clinical signs of verminous pneumonia, coagulopathies, neurological deficiencies, and pulmonary hypertension . Naturally infected dogs may show clinical or internal signs of bleeding with associated complications …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thrombocytopenia, decreased factor V activity, and increased factor VIII activity were identified during parasitic infection, and coagulation abnormalities have been attributed mainly to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) . Deposits of fibrinogen within the pulmonary vessels further suggest severe intravascular coagulation . However, the exact pathomechanism of A. vasorum ‐associated bleeding has not been elucidated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperfibrinolysis and Hypofibrinogenemia Diagnosed With Rotational Thromboelastometry in Dogs Naturally Infected With Angiostrongylus vasorum

Sigrist

Hofer‐Inteeworn

Schefer

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

109

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BackgroundThe pathomechanism of Angiostrongylus vasorum infection‐associated bleeding diathesis in dogs is not fully understood.ObjectiveTo describe rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters in dogs naturally infected with A. vasorum and to compare ROTEM parameters between infected dogs with and without clinical signs of bleeding.AnimalsA total of 21 dogs presented between 2013 and 2016.MethodsDogs with A. vasorum infection and ROTEM evaluation were retrospectively identified. Thrombocyte counts, ROTEM parameters, clinical signs of bleeding, therapy, and survival to discharge were retrospectively retrieved from patient records and compared between dogs with and without clinical signs of bleeding.ResultsEvaluation by ROTEM showed hyperfibrinolysis in 8 of 12 (67%; 95% CI, 40–86%) dogs with and 1 of 9 (11%; 95% CI, 2–44%) dogs without clinical signs of bleeding (P = .016). Hyperfibrinolysis was associated with severe hypofibrinogenemia in 6 of 10 (60%; 95% CI, 31–83%) of the cases. Hyperfibrinolysis decreased or resolved after treatment with 10–80 mg/kg tranexamic acid. Fresh frozen plasma (range, 14–60 mL/kg) normalized follow‐up fibrinogen function ROTEM (FIBTEM) maximal clot firmness in 6 of 8 dogs (75%; 95% CI, 41–93%). Survival to discharge was 67% (14/21 dogs; 95% CI, 46–83%) and was not different between dogs with and without clinical signs of bleeding (P = .379).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceHyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia were identified as an important pathomechanism in angiostrongylosis‐associated bleeding in dogs. Hyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia were normalized by treatment with tranexamic acid and plasma transfusions, respectively.

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Immunopathogenesis of canine angistrongylosis: Pulmonary effects of infection

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Pathological Findings in Dogs Naturally Infected with Angiostrongylus Vasorum in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Pathological Findings in Dogs Naturally Infected with Angiostrongylus Vasorum in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in dogs experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum

Hyperfibrinolysis and Hypofibrinogenemia Diagnosed With Rotational Thromboelastometry in Dogs Naturally Infected With Angiostrongylus vasorum

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