Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and the Clinical Events That Shape its Natural History

Gonzalez, Stevan A.; Perrillo, Robert P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02096-9_14

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 106 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In individuals who do not clear the infection and progress to develop chronic HBV infection (HBsAg-positive and anti-HBc-positive), serum HBV DNA levels vary greatly from undetectable (<20 international units [IU]/ml) to >1,000,000,000 (>9 log10) IU/ml [ 4 ]. This broad range of serum HBV DNA reflects a balance between viral replication fitness and host control defenses, namely innate and adaptive immune system activation [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppression in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Seetharam

Perrillo

Gish

2014

Curr Hepatology Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

After hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HBV DNA persists in minute amounts in hepatocyte nuclei even in individuals with “resolved” infection. Viral replication and development of liver disease depend on the balance between viral mechanisms promoting persistence and host immune control. Patients with active or inactive disease or resolved HBV infection are at risk for reactivation with immunosuppressive therapy use. HBV reactivation varies from a clinically asymptomatic condition to one associated with acute liver failure and death. We review recent studies on HBV reactivation during immunomodulatory therapies for oncologic, gastroenterological, rheumatic, and dermatologic disorders. Risk calculation should be determined through HBV screening and assessment of immunosuppressive therapy potency. We also discuss monitoring for reactivation, prophylactic antiviral therapy, and treatment of reactivation. Prophylactic antiviral treatment is needed for all HBsAg carriers and selected patients who have anti-HBc without HBsAg and is critical for preventing viral reactivation and improving outcomes.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppression in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Seetharam

Perrillo

Gish

2014

Curr Hepatology Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another pathogenic mechanism implies active viral replication which induces extrahepatic organ inflammation contributing to the autoimmune manifestations [1,5]. In this regard, the majority of CHB patients who develops autoimmune manifestations and/or HBV reactivation are HBe-positive a marker directly correlated to active replication of the B virus [5,8,9]. Clinically, HBV reactivation is associated with ALT flare and simultaneously increase of viral replication [8,9].…”

Section: Anti-hiv Negativementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, the majority of CHB patients who develops autoimmune manifestations and/or HBV reactivation are HBe-positive a marker directly correlated to active replication of the B virus [5,8,9]. Clinically, HBV reactivation is associated with ALT flare and simultaneously increase of viral replication [8,9]. These events explain spontaneously reactivation or reactivation associated to immunosuppressive states [10,11].…”

Section: Anti-hiv Negativementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These events explain spontaneously reactivation or reactivation associated to immunosuppressive states [10,11]. Control of HBV induced-liver necro-inflammation and symptoms resolution are usually achieved by decreasing the viral load (HBV DNA) with the use of nucleotides/nucleosides analogs (NA) [8][9][10][11]. Our HBe-negative CHB patient showed a viral load >100,000 IU/mL (5,0 logs) and responded favorably to the NA therapy.…”

Section: Anti-hiv Negativementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Autoimmune Manifestations in Chronic Hepatitis B

Machado¹

2017

GHOA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) has been associated to a variety of autoimmune manifestations, including circulating non-organ-specific autoantibodies, membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis, mixed cryoglobulinaemia and polyarteritis nodosa. The diagnosis and treatment depend on the affected organs and demonstration of viral activity. However, we should initially assess the probable clinical diagnosis in which its outcome and long-term resolution depend on the proper use of antiviral drugs. Herein, we reported an unusual clinical presentation of hepatitis B reactivation in an antigen e-negative CHB patient.

show abstract

“…The virus was irst discovered in 1965 by Blumberg and his colleagues as a new antigen called it Australia antigen (AuAg) and later on in 1976 he was awarded Nobel Prize in medicine (Gerlich, 2013;Block et al, 2016). HBV has double-stranded DNA genome with only 3.5 kb translated to four overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) which are core ORF (C-ORF), surface ORF (S-ORF), Polymerase ORF (P-ORF) and X-ORF (Lau and Wright, 1993;Gonzalez and Perrillo, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Hepatitis B viral surface antigen (Pre S1) in E. coli

Ismail

Mamoori

Ahmed

2020

ijrps

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis B is the most common liver diseases, which caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. There are around 257 million people around the world suffer from severe chronic hepatitis B infection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a vaccine to prevent viral infection. PreS1 is one of the HBV envelope proteins that have been proved to be an effective vaccine. Accordingly, Viral DNA was purified from patients’ serums and amplified by PCR using specific primers. Amplicons of 324 bp bands of PreS1 was observed on gel electrophoresis. The PreS1 was cloned into pTXB21 plasmid to form the recombinant plasmid pTXB1_PreS1 and transformed into DH5α E. coli. Screening of transformants was done using Colony PCR and Sequencing. Alignment of 26 polypeptide sequences showed conservation of this region. The pTXB1_PreS1 was retransformed into T7 Express Competent E. coli and screened using colony PCR. The PreS1 was expressed as a recombinant protein fused to an intein tag with a molecular weight of ~ 39.5 kD. The PreS1 protein was purified by a single affinity chromatography step and after cleaved from intein tag by Dithiothreitol the obtained protein had a molecular weight of ~ 11.5 kD. Only one protein band was observed on the SDS-page gel. The PreS1 protein was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli, which can be used as a vaccine against HBV.

show abstract

Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and the Clinical Events That Shape its Natural History

Cited by 4 publications

References 106 publications

Immunosuppression in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Immunosuppression in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Autoimmune Manifestations in Chronic Hepatitis B

Expression of Hepatitis B viral surface antigen (Pre S1) in E. coli

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About