Immunopathogenesis of viral infections in neurological autoimmune disease

Habibi, Mohammad Amin; Shamohammadi, Fatemeh Nezhad; Rajaei, Taraneh; Namdari, Haideh; Pashaei, Mohammad Reza; Farajifard, Hamid; Ahmadpour, Sajjad

doi:10.1186/s12883-023-03239-x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…It binds with numerous polyanionic proteins, namely, actin, tubulin, clathrin, and calmodulin, and negatively charged lipids . Pathogens like EBV manifest molecular mimicry for this protein resulting in numerous disease pathologies . MBP indicated an augmentation in the mouse brain cortical tissue samples in the G4 ( p < 0.01) on ELISA, whereas no significant changes were observed in the serum samples (Figure Ia,b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…49 Pathogens like EBV manifest molecular mimicry for this protein resulting in numerous disease pathologies. 50 MBP indicated an augmentation in the mouse brain cortical tissue samples in the G4 (p < 0.01) on ELISA, whereas no significant changes were observed in the serum samples (Figure 6Ia,b). Similarly, IHC revealed an increase in the G3 (p < 0.01) as compared to G1 (Figure 6IIa,b).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Multiple Sclerosis Markersmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Deciphering the Association of Epstein–Barr Virus and Its Glycoprotein M Peptide with Neuropathologies in Mice

Rani,

Patra,

Verma

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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The reactivation of ubiquitously present Epstein−Barr virus (EBV) is known to be involved with numerous diseases, including neurological ailments. A recent in vitro study from our group unveiled the association of EBV and its 12-amino acid peptide glycoprotein M 146−157 (gM 146−157 ) with neurodegenerative diseases, viz., Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis. In this study, we have further validated this association at the in vivo level. The exposure of EBV/gM 146−157 to mice causes a decline in the cognitive ability with a concomitant increase in anxiety-like symptoms through behavioral assays. Disorganization of hippocampal neurons, cell shrinkage, pyknosis, and apoptotic appendages were observed in the brains of infected mice. Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were found to be elevated in infected mouse brain tissue samples, whereas TNF-α exhibited a decline in the serum of these mice. Further, the altered levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and neurotensin receptor 2 affirmed neuroinflammation in infected mouse brain samples. Similarly, the risk factor of AD, apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), was also found to be elevated at the protein level in EBV/gM 146−157 challenged mice. Furthermore, we also observed an increased level of myelin basic protein in the brain cortex. Altogether, our results suggested an integral connection of EBV and its gM 146−157 peptide to the neuropathologies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Evaluation Of Multiple Sclerosis Markersmentioning

confidence: 93%

Deciphering the Association of Epstein–Barr Virus and Its Glycoprotein M Peptide with Neuropathologies in Mice

Rani,

Patra,

Verma

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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“…The role of VZV in the etiopathogenesis of MS is confirmed by the presence of VZV in disease relapses. The molecular similarity between VZV glycoprotein E (gE) and HNRNPA1 causes the immune system to become autoreactive in response 78 . GE is a significant VZV glycoprotein with numerous roles, such as IgG Fc receptor activity, and the HNRNPA1 gene codes for a member of the widely expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family 79 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molecular similarity between VZV glycoprotein E (gE) and HNRNPA1 causes the immune system to become autoreactive in response. 78 GE is a significant VZV glycoprotein with numerous roles, such as IgG Fc receptor activity, and the HNRNPA1 gene codes for a member of the widely expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family. 79 Mutations influence the susceptibility to developing RRMS in the HNRNPA1 gene.…”

Section: Varicella-zoster Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between various viral infections and multiple sclerosis: An umbrella review on systematic review and meta‐analysis

Bakhshi,

Eslami,

Norouzi

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the immune‐mediated demyelinating disorders. Multiple components, including the environment and genetics, are possible factors in the pathogenesis of MS. Also, it can be said that infections are a key component of the host's response to MS development. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between different pathogens and MS disease in this umbrella research. We systematically collected and analysed multiple meta‐analyses focused on one particular topic. We utilised the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases starting with inception until 30 May 2023. The methodological quality of the analysed meta‐analysis has been determined based on Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 and Grade, and graph construction and statistical analysis were conducted using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis. The Confidence Interval of effect size was 95% in meta‐analyses, and p < 0.05 indicated a statistically meaningful relationship. The included studies evaluated the association between MS and 12 viruses containing SARS‐CoV‐2, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B virus, varicella–zoster virus (VZV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6), HHV‐7, HHV‐8, HSV‐1, HSV‐2, Cytomegalovirus, Human Papillomavirus, and influenza. SARS‐CoV‐2, with a 3.74 odds ratio, has a significantly more potent negative effect on MS among viral infections. After that, EBV, HHV‐6, HSV‐2, and VZV, respectively, with 3.33, 2.81, 1.76, and 1.72 odds ratios, had a significantly negative relationship with MS (p < 0.05). Although the theoretical evidence mostly indicates that EBV has the greatest effect on MS, recent epidemiological studies have challenged this conclusion and put forward possibilities that SARS‐CoV‐2 is the culprit. Hence, it was necessary to investigate the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 and EBV on MS.

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Neuro‐Specific Antibodies Following Viral Infections

Su,

Wang,

Ren

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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This study aims to explore the epidemiological characteristics of neuro‐specific antibodies (ns‐Ab) induced by different viral infections within the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, it seeks to compare the autoimmune effects following several typical viral infections in CNS. We conduct a retrospective study to compare and analyze the prevalence trends of ns‐Ab in patients with different viral infections. Additionally, evaluate the intensity of CNS inflammatory responses postviral infection by correlating clinical characteristics and laboratory findings, and briefly demonstrate the immune effects in CNS following various viral infections. This study retrospectively collected data from 1037 patients hospitalized with suspected CNS infections. A total of 654 patients (63.1%) were included in the final analysis. A higher proportion of patients with pathogens present in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (114 out of 332, 34.3%) tested positive for ns‐Ab compared to those without pathogens (70 out of 322, 21.7%) (p = 0.0004). Specifically, the screening rate for ns‐Ab in patients with CNS viral infections (83 out of 165, 50.3%) and the prevalence of ns‐Ab (27 out of 83, 32.5%) were significantly higher than in those with other pathogen infections (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.016, respectively). Among these, human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7) patients had the highest detection rate of ns‐Ab during the disease course (11 out of 26, 42.3%), but exhibited infection characteristics distinctly different from those of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1). Viral infections significantly promote the development of autoimmune responses in CNS. The production of ns‐Ab and the subsequent autoimmune response vary across different viral infections. There is a strong statistical correlation between HHV7 and the presence of ns‐Ab, suggesting that HHV7 may serve as an early indicator of secondary autoimmune response following CNS infections.

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Immunopathogenesis of viral infections in neurological autoimmune disease

Cited by 7 publications

References 164 publications

Deciphering the Association of Epstein–Barr Virus and Its Glycoprotein M Peptide with Neuropathologies in Mice

Deciphering the Association of Epstein–Barr Virus and Its Glycoprotein M Peptide with Neuropathologies in Mice

The association between various viral infections and multiple sclerosis: An umbrella review on systematic review and meta‐analysis

Epidemiological Characteristics of Neuro‐Specific Antibodies Following Viral Infections

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