Immunophenotypic Analysis Reveals Differences in Circulating Immune Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Segmental and Nonsegmental Vitiligo

Willemsen, Marcella; Post, Nicoline F; Uden, Nathalie O. van; Narayan, Vidhya S.; Chielie, Saskia; Kemp, E. Helen; Bekkenk, Marcel W.; Luiten, Rosalie M.

doi:10.1016/j.jid.2021.05.022

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Additionally, there is evidence on a number of melanocyte-specific antibodies found in the sera of vitiligo patients which correlate with the disease’s activity. The presence of anti-melanocyte antibodies indicates a systemic immune activation in non-segmental vitiligo [ 14 , 153 ]. Furthermore, recent study revealed increased proportion of circulating memory B cells and decreased levels of naive B cells in active vitiligo, which is followed by an increase in circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells [ 154 ].…”

Section: Current Concepts In Immunopathogenesis Of Vitiligomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Concepts of Vitiligo Immunopathogenesis

et al. 2022

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Vitiligo is an acquired immune-mediated disorder of pigmentation clinically characterized by well-defined depigmented or chalk-white macules and patches on the skin. The prevalence of vitiligo varies by geographical area, affecting 0.5% to 2% of the population. The disease imposes a significant psychological burden due to its major impact on patients’ social and emotional aspects of life. Given its autoimmune background, vitiligo is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases or immune-mediated diseases. Vitiligo is a multifaceted disorder that involves both genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. In recent years, major predisposing genetic loci for the development of vitiligo have been discovered. The current findings emphasize the critical role of immune cells and their mediators in the immunopathogenesis of vitiligo. Oxidative-stress-mediated activation of innate immunity cells such as dendritic cells, natural killer, and ILC-1 cells is thought to be a key event in the early onset of vitiligo. Innate immunity cells serve as a bridge to adaptive immunity cells including T helper 1 cells, cytotoxic T cells and resident memory T cells. IFN-γ is the primary cytokine mediator that activates the JAK/STAT pathway, causing keratinocytes to produce the key chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10. Complex interactions between immune and non-immune cells finally result in apoptosis of melanocytes. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the etiological and genetic factors that contribute to vitiligo, with a focus on immunopathogenesis and the key cellular and cytokine players in the disease’s inflammatory pathways.

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Section: Current Concepts In Immunopathogenesis Of Vitiligomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In NSV, immune activation is systemic, whereas in SV, a local cytotoxic reaction is involved. Furthermore, unlike in SV, NSV patients have fewer regulatory T cells, making them more susceptible to other systemic autoimmune diseases [ 14 ]. The following manuscript will focus on NSV, further referred to as vitiligo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Concepts of Vitiligo Immunopathogenesis

et al. 2022

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“…In nonsegmental vitiligo, systemic immune activation occurs, whereas in the segmental type, there is only a localized cytotoxic reaction, probably due to melanocyte mosaicism. 93 Tregs are unaffected in the peripheral blood of segmental vitiligo when compared to controls. On the other hand, Tregs are reduced in nonsegmental vitiligo and associated with other autoimmune comorbidities, less frequent in segmental vitiligo.…”

Section: Immunological Changesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Update on the pathogenesis of vitiligo

Marchioro

Castro

Fava

et al. 2022

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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“…These data show that in contrast to patients with NSV, no increased systemic immunity is found in patients with SV, indicating that SV pathogenesis is associated with a localized cytotoxic reaction targeting epidermal melanocytes. 52…”

Section: Biochemical Ultrastructural Immunological and Serological Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability: Concept, relevance, inducing and maintaining it

Sahni

2022

Dermatological Reviews

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Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease resulting in destruction of melanocytes which leads to depigmented patches on the skin. An assessment of disease activity and/or stability is important for many reasons, one of them being planning surgical intervention. Though there are sufficient studies in the literature exploring the clinical, biochemical, and molecular predictors of disease stability, there still exists ambiguity in many of these aspects. There are no longitudinal prospective cohort studies to assess the course of vitiligo and it is difficult to predict the status of stability of the disease with certainty. This review focuses on the clinical features which can help a clinician judge whether the disease is progressive in a patient being planned for surgical intervention. Subsequently, there is also a discussion on tools including ultraviolet light photography, imaging software, and dermoscopy in accurately assessing the stability of disease. This is followed by a review of the literature on the biochemical, serological, microscopic, and ultrastructural findings in active versus static disease. The review ends with interventions for inducing and maintaining stability in this enigmatic disease.

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Immunophenotypic Analysis Reveals Differences in Circulating Immune Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Segmental and Nonsegmental Vitiligo

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Current Concepts of Vitiligo Immunopathogenesis

Current Concepts of Vitiligo Immunopathogenesis

Update on the pathogenesis of vitiligo

Stability: Concept, relevance, inducing and maintaining it

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