Immunoreactive GnRH Suggesting a Third Form of GnRH in Addition to cIIGnRH and sGnRH in the Brain and Pituitary Gland of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes)

Somoza, Gustavo M.; Stefano, Andrea V.; D'Eramo, José L.; Canosa, Luis Fabián; Fridman, Osvaldo

doi:10.1006/gcen.1994.1058

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…A similar situation probably exists in other fish belonging to the order Perciformes [6,8]. Moreover, chromatographic evidence from fish of other orders such as Pleuronectiformes [52], Gasterosteiformes [53], and even the distant Characiformes [54] suggest the possibility that the presence of sbGnRH as a third form of GnRH is phylogenetically widespread.…”

Section: MMmentioning

confidence: 90%

Three Forms of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in a Perciform Fish (Sparus Aurata): Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid Characterization and Brain Localization1

Gothilf

Muñoz‐Cueto

Sagrillo

et al. 1996

Biology of Reproduction

160

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Three forms of GnRH-salmon (sGnRH), seabream (sb-GnRH), and chicken (cGnRH-II)-have been described in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) brain, and the cDNA encoding the sbGnRH precursor was recently isolated. In the present study, the cDNAs encoding the sGnRH and cGnRH-II were isolated and characterized, and the neurons producing the three GnRHs were localized in the seabream brain. Fragments of sGnRH and cGnRH-II cDNAs were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and used as probes to isolate the full-length cDNAs from a brain cDNA library. The cDNA encoding the cGnRH-II precursor is 573 nucleotides (nt) long, and the cDNA encoding the sGnRH precursor is 1971 nt in length with an unusually long 5' untranslated region. Specific single-strand DNA probes for in situ detection of mRNA were designed according to nonconserved regions among the three GnRH c-DNAs. Localization of GnRH mRNA-producing cells in the brain revealed five distinct populations of cells: sGnRH-producing cells in the ventromedial olfactory bulbs and the terminal nerve, sbGnRH-producing cells in the preoptic area and the ventral thalamus, and cGnRH-II-producing cells in the midbrain tegmentum. The discrete sites of expression of the three forms of GnRH indicate that only sbGnRH is directly involved in the control of gonadotropin secretion.

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Section: MMmentioning

confidence: 90%

Three Forms of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in a Perciform Fish (Sparus Aurata): Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid Characterization and Brain Localization1

Gothilf

Muñoz‐Cueto

Sagrillo

et al. 1996

Biology of Reproduction

160

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“…In several teleost fishes, three GnRH isoforms were identified in a single species [11–16]. We have therefore explored the possibility that multiple GnRH isoforms may be a common pattern in mammals and have looked for an additional isoform of GnRH in the mammalian brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gonadotropin‐releasing hormone family of neuropeptides in the brain of human, bovine and rat: identification of a third isoform

et al. 1999

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The mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-I), which regulates reproduction, was the first isoform of GnRH that was identified in mammals. Recently, we and others have demonstrated the existence of a second isoform of GnRH in the brain of mammals. The presence of a third isoform of GnRH, GnRH-III, in the brain of mammals is reported herein. GnRH-III, extracted from the brain of bovine and human, was purified by high performance liquid chromatography, using two distinct elution programs. In both, GnRH-III was eluted at the same positions as synthetic salmon GnRH, as demonstrated by radioimmunoassay. The luteinizing hormone-releasing activity of purified GnRH-III, using dispersed rat pituitary cells, was found to be similar to that of synthetic salmon GnRH. The total amount of GnRH-III, determined by radioimmunoassay, in the hypothalamus and midbrain of humans and calves is similar to that of GnRH-I. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated GnRH-III-containing neurons in the hypothalamus and midbrain of human and GnRH-III fibers in the median eminence of rats. The distribution of GnRH-III in the brain suggests that in addition to a putative function as a neurohormone at the hypothalamic^pituitary axis, GnRH-III may have other functions. Our present results suggest that multiple isoforms of GnRH are present in the brain of mammals, and further studies are required in order to elucidate their biological functions.z 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

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“…Sequence determination was used to identify sbGnRH not only in pacú (29), but also in three perciform species, sea bream (17,28), tilapia (30), and the African cichlid, Haplochromis burtoni (31,50). Also, indirect chromatographic and immunological data give evidence that sbGnRH is the third molecular form in addition to cGnRH-II and sGnRH in other fish in the orders of Perciformes (24,25,26,51), Pleuronectiformes (52), Characiformes (27), and Gonorynchiformes (25). In all cases, although not sequenced, this GnRH form followed a similar chromatographic pattern to that of sbGnRH, suggesting a wide distribution of this GnRH variant in teleost fishes.…”

Section: Fig 5 Comparison Of the Known Gnrh Structures With Mgnrhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Structure of a Novel Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Brain of a Teleost, Pejerrey

Montaner¹

2001

Endocrinology

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The neuropeptide GnRH is the major regulator of reproduction in vertebrates acting as a first signal from the hypothalamus to pituitary gonadotropes. Three GnRH molecular variants were detected in the brain of a fish, pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis), using chromatographic and immunological methods. The present study shows that one form is identical to chicken GnRH-II (sequence analysis and mass spectrometry) and the second one is immunologically and chromatographically similar to salmon GnRH. The third form was proven to be a novel form of GnRH by isolating the peptide from the brain and determining its primary structure by chemical sequencing and mass spectrometry. The sequence of the novel pejerrey GnRH is pGlu-HisTrp-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Ser-Pro-Gly-NH 2 , which is different from the known forms of the vertebrate and protochordate GnRH family. The new form of GnRH is biologically active in releasing gonadotropin and GH from pituitary cells in an in vitro assay. (Endocrinology 142:

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Immunoreactive GnRH Suggesting a Third Form of GnRH in Addition to cIIGnRH and sGnRH in the Brain and Pituitary Gland of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes)

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Three Forms of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in a Perciform Fish (Sparus Aurata): Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid Characterization and Brain Localization1

Three Forms of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in a Perciform Fish (Sparus Aurata): Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid Characterization and Brain Localization1

The gonadotropin‐releasing hormone family of neuropeptides in the brain of human, bovine and rat: identification of a third isoform

Primary Structure of a Novel Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Brain of a Teleost, Pejerrey

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