Immunoregulation in cancer-associated cachexia

Wu, Qi; Liu, Zhou; Li, Bei; Liu, Yue; Wang, Haichao

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.018

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…Furthermore, altered immune responses that support tumor growth and metastasis also play critical roles in the development of cachexia. These findings support further investigation ( 9 , 10 ). Therefore, the current Research Topic entitled “ Immunology of cachexia ” is a step in this direction.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Editorial: Immunology of cachexia

Kumar,

Stewart

2023

Front. Immunol.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Editorial: Immunology of cachexia

Kumar,

Stewart

2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is the persistent loss of skeletal muscle mass, with or without fat loss, that is not reversed by nutritional support [1]. In CAC, immune dysfunction caused by inflammation leads to a cytokine storm, raising the risk of multiple organ failure, and eventually impacting muscle and adipose tissue [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune System Disorder and Cancer-Associated Cachexia

Zhang,

Bonomi

2024

Cancers

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Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a debilitating condition marked by muscle and fat loss, that is unresponsive to nutritional support and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Immune dysfunction, driven by cytokine imbalance, contributes to CAC progression. This review explores the potential relationship between CAC and anti-cancer immune response in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Pre-clinical studies showcase the involvement of cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β, in CAC. IL-6 and TNF-α, interacting with muscle and adipose tissues, induce wasting through JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) exacerbate CAC by promoting inflammation. Clinical studies confirm elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) and immune markers like the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with CAC. Thus, immunomodulatory mechanisms involved in CAC may impact the anti-neoplastic immune response. Inhibiting CAC mechanisms could enhance anti-cancer therapies, notably immunotherapy. R-ketorolac, a new immunomodulator, reversed the weight loss and increased survival in mice. Combining these agents with immunotherapy may benefit patients with cancer experiencing CAC. Further research is vital to understand the complex interplay between tumor-induced immune dysregulation and CAC during immunotherapy.

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“…These factors, either in isolation or conjunction, expedite the deterioration of the tumor microenvironment, further propelling systemic inflammation, precipitating immune dysregulation, and engendering metabolic aberrations across multiple organ systems. 27 In the context wherein organs and neoplasms are at a comparatively balanced stage, the emergence of anorexia, characterized by diminished dietary intake, manifests as an initial symptomatology. The etiological mechanism governing anorexia is multifactorial, encompassing cellular components secreted by both the neoplasm and host, which predominantly contribute to this phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An imbalance between pro‐inflammatory cytokines and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, modulated by inflammatory cells derived from the host and cancer cells (such as macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and monocytes), culminates in the synthesis of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin‐1, interleukin‐6, interferon‐gamma, tumor necrosis factor‐α, TGF‐β, etc.). These factors, either in isolation or conjunction, expedite the deterioration of the tumor microenvironment, further propelling systemic inflammation, precipitating immune dysregulation, and engendering metabolic aberrations across multiple organ systems 27 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for patients with esophageal cancer in China: Findings from the Delphi method

Shang,

Dong,

Huang

et al. 2023

Cancer Medicine

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BackgroundIn China, individuals diagnosed with esophageal cancer are confronted with an elevated risk of nutritional inadequacy or malnutrition throughout the course of their disease, a condition that contributes to various adverse clinical outcomes. A vast corpus of data are burgeoning at an unprecedented rate, primarily due to the revolutionary growth of digitalization technologies and artificial intelligence, notably within the domains of health care and medicine. The purpose of this investigation is to initiate the development of a nutritional screening and assessment indicator framework for patients with esophageal cancer within the Chinese context. We seek to furnish an instrumental reference to facilitate preparations for the forthcoming era of advanced, “deep,” evidence‐based medicine.MethodsAn integrative methodology was employed to forge the preliminary draft of the nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for preoperative patients with esophageal cancer. This encompassed a rigorous literature survey, in‐depth clinical practice investigation, and the facilitation of expert panel discussions. Thereafter, two iterative consultation phases were conducted using the Delphi method in China. The analytic hierarchy process was deployed to ascertain the weighting of each index within the definitive evaluation indicator system.ResultsThe effective response rates for the dual rounds of expert consultation were 91.7% and 86.4%, with commensurate authority coefficients of 0.97 and 0.91. The Kendall harmony coefficients were ascertained to be 0.19 and 0.14 (p < 0.01), respectively. The culminating nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for patients with esophageal cancer comprised 5 primary‐level indicators and 38 secondary‐level indicators.ConclusionsThe nutritional screening and assessment indicator system contrived for patients with esophageal cancer is underpinned by cogent theoretical principles, leverages an astute research methodology, and manifests dependable outcomes. This system may be appositely utilized as a meaningful reference for the nutritional screening and assessment process in patients afflicted with esophageal cancer.

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Immunoregulation in cancer-associated cachexia

Cited by 10 publications

References 225 publications

Editorial: Immunology of cachexia

Editorial: Immunology of cachexia

Immune System Disorder and Cancer-Associated Cachexia

Development of a nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for patients with esophageal cancer in China: Findings from the Delphi method

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