Immunoregulatory Effects of Krocina™, a Herbal Medicine Made of Crocin,  on Osteoarthritis Patients: A Successful Clinical Trial in Iran

Poursamimi, Javad; Shariati-Sarabi, Zhaleh; Tavakkol‐Afshari, Jalil; Mohajeri, Seyed Ahmad; Ghoryani, Mohsen; Mohammadi, Mojgan

doi:10.18502/ijaai.v19i3.3453

Cited by 17 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies that have examined the effects of crocin or saffron consumption on inflammatory markers have yielded conflicting results. In agreement with our findings, some studies indicated that crocin or saffron had beneficial effects on TNF‐ɑ (Ghiasian et al, 2019; Mobasseri et al, 2020), NF‐κB (Abedimanesh et al, 2020), and hs‐CRP (Poursamimi et al, 2020). In contrast, other studies reported that the administration of saffron did not reduce inflammatory markers (Azimi et al, 2016; Ebrahimi et al, 2019; Hamidi et al, 2020; Kermani et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Inflammatory markers response to crocin supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial

Behrouz

Sohrab

Hedayati

et al. 2021

Phytotherapy Research

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Inflammation and oxidative stress is a risk factor for the development of long-term consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to investigate the effects of crocin consumption on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM. In this clinical trial with a parallel-group design, 50 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to either the crocin or the placebo group. The crocin group received 15 mg crocin twice daily, whereas the placebo group received corresponding placebos. At baseline and the end of week 12, serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-ɑ), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Compared with placebo group, crocin reduced hs-CRP (−1.03 vs. 1.42, p = .007), TNF-ɑ (−0.8 vs. 0.28, p = .009), and NF-κB (−0.39 vs. 0.01, p = .047) after 12 weeks intervention; these improvements were also significant in comparison with the baseline values. Plasma IL-6 decreased significantly in the crocin group at the end of week 12 compared to baseline (p = .037), whereas no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Plasma concentration of MDA did not change within and between groups after intervention. This study indicates that daily administration of 30 mg crocin supplement to patients with T2DM reduces the concentrations of hs-CRP, TNF-ɑ, and NF-κB which are involved in the pathogenesis of complications of T2DM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Inflammatory markers response to crocin supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial

Behrouz

Sohrab

Hedayati

et al. 2021

Phytotherapy Research

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“…Out of 139 studies screened in total, five RCTs and seven publications (two studies with duplicate publications) [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] fulfilled the protocol's criteria and were included in the systematic review. Figure 2 details the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram of the study selection process [19].…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the RCTs fulfilling the study's criteria, evaluating saffron interventions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), or fibromyalgia (FM), the respective trials are detailed in Figure 3. The effect of saffron supplementation was evaluated in two trials using participants with RA [27,31,33], an additional two RCTs with patients with a knee OA diagnosis [28,29,32] and finally, on one RCT performed in patients with FM [30] (Figure 3). In RA, two different diagnostic criteria were employed, including the American College of Rheumatology/European league against Rheumatism (ACR/EU-LAR) 2010 [34] and the revised ACR 2017 [35].…”

Section: Rd Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Crocus sativus (Saffron) Intake on Top of Standard Treatment, on Disease Outcomes and Comorbidities in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases: Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) and Level of Adherence to the CONSORT Statement for Randomized Controlled Trials Delivering Herbal Medicine Interventions

et al. 2021

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Rheumatic diseases (RDs) are often complicated by chronic symptoms and frequent side-effects associated with their treatment. Saffron, a spice derived from the Crocus sativus L. flower, is a popular complementary and alternative medicine among patients with RDs. The present systematic review aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding the efficacy of supplementation with saffron on disease outcomes and comorbidities in patients with RD diagnoses. PubMed, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov and the grey literature were searched until October 2021, and relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened for eligibility using Rayyan. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane’s Risk of Bias-2.0 (RoB) tool. A synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) was performed by vote counting and an effect direction plot was created. Out of 125 reports, seven fulfilled the eligibility criteria belonging to five RCTs and were included in the SWiM. The RCTs involved patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia, and evaluated outcomes related to pain, disease activity, depression, immune response, inflammation, oxidative stress, health, fatigue and functional ability. The majority of trials demonstrated some concerns regarding overall bias. Moreover, the majority of trialists failed to adhere to the formula elaborations suggested by the CONSORT statement for RCTs incorporating herbal medicine interventions. Standardization of herbal medicine confirms its identity, purity and quality; however, the majority of trials failed to adhere to these guidelines. Due to the great heterogeneity and the lack of important information regarding the standardization and content of herbal interventions, it appears that the evidence is not enough to secure a direction of effect for any of the examined outcomes.

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“…Additionally, they found reduced expression of p-JNP, p-ERK, and p-p38, which are involved in the MAPK pathway, reducing airway inflammation (Xiong et al, 2015). Another study found that osteoarthritis patients given a daily treatment of 15 mg crocin for four months had a reduction of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and an increase in regulator T cells as compared to the starting point (Poursamimi et al, 2020). These studies highlight various immunological effects of saffron and its compounds.…”

Section: Immune-enhancing Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Spices and herbs as immune enhancers and anti-inflammatory agents: a review

Garnier¹,

Shahidi²

2021

Journal of Food Bioactives

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Spices and herbs have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, with research starting to accumulate on their beneficial properties. Of these properties, the immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory capabilities of many spices and herbs have led to promising results. The current review article aims to explore the current research of several spices and herbs as immune-enhancers and anti-inflammatory agents. The spices and herbs examined are African potato (Hypoxis hemerocallidea), allspice (Pimenta dioica), basil (Ocimum basilicum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), chili powders (Capsicum species), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Devil’s claw (Harpagophytem procumbens), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), oregano (Origanum vulgare), rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), rosemary/sage (Salvia rosmarinus/officinalis), saffron (Crocus sativus), South African geranium (Pelargonium sidoides), and turmeric (Curcuma longa). All the spices and herbs exhibited immune-enhancing or immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory capabilities through various processes. Rooibos and oregano had the most contradictory results, with some studies finding pro-inflammatory properties, especially at high doses regarding oregano. Turmeric had the most extensive research with positive results.

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Immunoregulatory Effects of Krocina™, a Herbal Medicine Made of Crocin, on Osteoarthritis Patients: A Successful Clinical Trial in Iran

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Inflammatory markers response to crocin supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial

Inflammatory markers response to crocin supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial

Spices and herbs as immune enhancers and anti-inflammatory agents: a review

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