Immunoregulatory effects triggered by immunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 strain involve efficient phagocytosis in porcine antigen presenting cells

Abstract

BackgroundImmunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 modulates porcine mononuclear phagocytes from Peyer’s patches (PPMPs) and induces a differential production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 activation. In view of the important role played by phagocytosis in the activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs), the aim of the present work was to examine the interaction of TL2937 with porcine PPMPs focusing on phagocytosis. In addition, this study aimed to investigate whether the effects of L. jensenii TL2937 in porcine blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) are similar to those found in PPMPs considering that MoDCs do not recapitulate all functions of mucosal APCs.ResultsStudies showed a high ability of porcine CD172a+ PPMPs to phagocytose L. jensenii TL2937. Interestingly, our results also revealed a reduced capacity of the non-immunomodulatory L. plantarum TL2766 to be phagocytosed by those immune cells. Phagocytosis of L. jensenii TL2937 by porcine PPMPs was partially dependent on TLR2. In addition, we demonstrated that TL2937 strain was able to improve the expression of IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-10 in immature MoDCs resembling the effect of this immunobiotic bacterium on PPMPs. Moreover, similarly to PPMPs those immunomodulatory effects were related to the higher capacity of TL2937 to be phagocytosed by immature MoDCs.ConclusionsMicrobial recognition in APCs could be effectively mediated through ligand-receptor interactions that then mediate phagocytosis and signaling. For the immunobiotic strain TL2937, TLR2 has a partial role for its interaction with porcine APCs and it is necessary to investigate the role of other receptors. A challenge for future research will be advance in the full understanding of the molecular interactions of immunobiotic L. jensenii TL2937 with porcine APCs that will be crucial for the successful development of functional feeds for the porcine host. This study is a step in that direction.

Modulation of porcine intestinal epitheliocytes immunetranscriptome response by Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937

“…Most notable changes were found in chemokines, since expression levels of CCL2, CCL8, CXCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were significantly lower in TL2937-treated PIE cells when compared to the controls (Figure 7). This finding is of interest because it not only confirms our previous in vitro Tsukida et al, 2016;Villena et al, 2012) and in vivo (Suda et al, 2014) studies demonstrating the anti-inflammatory capacity of L. jensenii TL2937, but also provides a potential set of biomarkers for the screening and selection of new immunoregulatory bacterial strains.…”

“…The evidence of a positive impact of immunobiotics on animal health has increased in the last years, however the mechanisms through which these beneficial microbes influence the animal host remain largely undefined. Various immune pathways have been implicated in the beneficial effects of immunobiotics in the porcine host (Tsukida et al, 2016;Villena and Kitazawa, 2014), but few comprehensive studies have been undertaken, primarily due to lack of available tools. The recent development of specialised expression microarrays based on porcine genome sequence provides one such tool that can evaluate multiple pathways simultaneously (Schroyen and Tuggle, 2015).…”

Genomic Characterization of Lactobacillus delbrueckii TUA4408L and Evaluation of the Antiviral Activities of its Extracellular Polysaccharides in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells

“…Besides epithelial cells, we have previously used porcine intestinal antigen presenting cells primary cultures to evaluate the effect of immunomodulatory probiotic strains ( 46 ) and such studies can be expanded to the analysis of the immunomodulatory capacities of L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii and their EPS in antigen presenting cells in the future.…”

Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on some Physiological and Immunological Aspects in Experimentally Induced Colitis in Rats

“…Monocytosis and a low L/M ratio denoted in the present study in rats suffering from colitis indicated the disease activity since the high blood monocytes and low L/M ration might be effective, readily available, and low-cost biomarkers to identify disease activity in UC patients (Cherfane et al, 2015). On the other hand, the present results shows normal to low blood monocytes and L/M ratio founded in rats administered lactobacillus acidophilus and had colitis after days of administration indicated the immunomodulator effects and reduced the inflammatory response., which may indicate role of Lactobacillus as immunobiotic they improve immunity by increasing blood monocytes (Tsukida et al, 2016).…”