Immunoregulatory role ofPleurotus eryngiisuperfine powder through intercellular communication of cytokines

Abstract

Pleurotus eryngii, also known as thistle mushroom, is rich in proteins, dietary fibre and polysaccharides. It has been developed as a functional food due to its antioxidant, anti-fatigue, anti-viral and anti-tumour functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of the immunoregulatory and antioxidant effects of P. eryngii superfine powder (PESP) in vivo. Test mice were fed with a diet containing 6.67% PESP to explore its effect on mouse delayed-type hypersensitivity, phagocytic index, serum hemolysin, serum and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-P X) activities, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver homogenate. For the human study, volunteers received PESP at doses of 5, 10 or 15 g. Serum levels of 39 cytokines were determined before and after ingestion using a Millipore Human Kit and a liquid chip scanner. Our results showed that, in mice, dietary P. eryngii supplementation significantly increased the weight difference of ears (P < 0.01), phagocytic index (P < 0.05), serum hemolysin (P < 0.01), serum and liver GSH-PX activities (P < 0.01) and serum SOD activity (P < 0.01), but decreased MDA content (P < 0.01) in liver homogenate. In human trials, 5 g of PESP significantly decreased serum epidermal growth factor, while 15 g of PESP significantly decreased serum granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, macrophage-derived chemokine and tumour necrosis factor-α. No change was detected in serum cytokines after the administration of 10 g of PESP. P. eryngii can regulate innate and acquired immune functions in mice to execute antioxidant and anti-aging functions, and can alter human serum cytokines. The dual immunoregulatory effects of P. eryngii are consistent with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

Circular reuse of bio-resources: the role ofPleurotusspp. in the development of functional foods

“…79 Besides pleuran, P. eryngii superfine powder administered at a daily dosage of 5 to 15 g to 12 healthy volunteers for 2 days enhanced their innate and acquired immune responses. 80…”

Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus powder addition in vegetable soup on ß‐glucan content, sensory perception, and acceptability

“…Daily doses of 3-5 g of P. ostreatus powder were found to decrease fasting plasma glucose level in both healthy people and type-2 diabetic patients (Agrawal et al, 2010;Choudhury et al, 2013). Slightly higher daily doses, in the range 5-10 g, were found to enhance the innate and acquired immune responses in healthy human subjects (Sun et al, 2014). With daily doses in the range 10-30 g, a decrease in triglycerides, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol levels was observed in both healthy humans and patients with dyslipidemia (Kajaba, Simoncic, Frecerova, & Belay, 2008;Schneider et al, 2011).…”

Baked Bread Enhances the Immune Response and the Catabolism in the Human Body in Comparison with Steamed Bread

“…These volunteers mainly ate rice as their daily staple food and rarely ate wheat flour-based food. Volunteers were required to have regular hours of rest and study without any strenuous exercise, alcohol, caffeine, functional food, or medicine during the study period [10,11]. They all stayed in a relaxed environment to protect them from stress sources [28].…”

“…However, no animal can truly reflect the effects of foods on the human body. Through extensive research, we have established the cytokine network and central metabolic pathway (CMP) network to quantitatively evaluate the effects of foods on immunity and metabolism in the human body [8,[10][11][12][13][14].…”