Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aged horse

DeNotta, Sally; McFarlane, Dianne

doi:10.1186/s12979-022-00325-5

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Notably, the advanced stage of the disease -chronic pythiosis -can lead to an anergic condition (Denotta & Mcfarlane 2023), which may affect the test results. Nevertheless, the intradermal test using a 0.2mL dosage via ID was as effective as the subcutaneous route for treating pythiosis in horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Pythium insidiosum intradermal immunotherapy in horses: diagnosis and therapy

Santos,

Loreto,

Zanette

et al. 2024

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Pythiosis is a life-threatening disease that affects various species and is prevalent in regions with high humidity. The ailment is increasingly reported globally, and in Brazil, it is an important cause of profound economic and health losses in equines. This study aimed to explore the potential of intradermal immunotherapy as both a diagnostic and therapeutic approach for pythiosis in horses from the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The horses were divided into three groups: those never diagnosed with pythiosis or with lesions that could be mistaken for pythiosis (Group 1); previously infected but successfully treated horses (Group 2); and horses with a positive diagnosis for pythiosis that were under treatment (Group 3). An immunotherapeutic product (PitiumVac®) was administered intradermally. Injection site reaction and response to immunotherapy were assessed. The results indicated that intradermal immunotherapy could be a viable diagnostic and therapeutic tool, particularly in remote areas where traditional laboratory diagnosis methods are not readily accessible. The efficacy of intradermal administration was comparable to that of subcutaneous administration in treating pythiosis in horses, and the combined use of immunotherapy and triamcinolone acetonide yielded promising results for treating pythiosis in horses. However, further research is required to validate these findings. This study contributes to understanding and managing pythiosis more efficiently by providing a simple, cost-effective, and potentially efficient alternative approach to diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Pythium insidiosum intradermal immunotherapy in horses: diagnosis and therapy

Santos,

Loreto,

Zanette

et al. 2024

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…This may be due to the upregulation of IL-10-expressing T-regulatory cell subsets during ageing; however, this phenomenon has not been described in horses [ 39 ]. In contrast, T-regulatory cells have been shown to be decreased in old horses compared to middle aged horses [ 39 104 ]. Interestingly, a decrease of circulating T-regulatory cells in EHM horses during peak viremia was shown for EHM horses of the present study by in silico cell sorting as part of our RNA sequencing study [ 93 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other common age-related underlying endocrine abnormalities may also modify the immune response through changing of the hormonal status [ 104 ]. Moreover, the hormonal cycle of the female gender is thought to influence TH cell subset activation systemically and locally [ 106 107 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the host immune response on the development of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in horses

Giessler,

Goehring,

Jacob

et al. 2024

Journal of General Virology

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Herpesviruses establish a well-adapted balance with their host’s immune system. Despite this co-evolutionary balance, infections can lead to severe disease including neurological disorders in their natural host. In horses, equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disease, abortions, neonatal foal death and myeloencephalopathy (EHM) in ~10 % of acute infections worldwide. Many aspects of EHM pathogenesis and protection from EHM are still poorly understood. However, it has been shown that the incidence of EHM increases to >70 % in female horses >20 years of age. In this study we used old mares as an experimental equine EHV-1 model of EHM to identify host-specific factors contributing to EHM. Following experimental infection with the neuropathogenic strain EHV-1 Ab4, old mares and yearling horses were studied for 21 days post-infection. Nasal viral shedding and cell-associated viremia were assessed by quantitative PCR. Cytokine/chemokine responses were evaluated in nasal secretions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by Luminex assay and in whole blood by quantitative real-time PCR. EHV-1-specific IgG sub-isotype responses were measured by ELISA. All young horses developed respiratory disease and a bi-phasic fever post-infection, but only 1/9 horses exhibited ataxia. In contrast, respiratory disease was absent in old mares, but all old mares developed EHM that resulted in euthanasia in 6/9 old mares. Old mares also presented significantly decreased nasal viral shedding but higher viremia coinciding with a single fever peak at the onset of viremia. According to clinical disease manifestation, horses were sorted into an EHM group (nine old horses and one young horse) and a non-EHM group (eight young horses) for assessment of host immune responses. Non-EHM horses showed an early upregulation of IFN-α (nasal secretions), IRF7/IRF9, IL-1β, CXCL10 and TBET (blood) in addition to an IFN-γ upregulation during viremia (blood). In contrast, IFN-α levels in nasal secretions of EHM horses were low and peak levels of IRF7, IRF9, CXCL10 and TGF-β (blood) coincided with viremia. Moreover, EHM horses showed significantly higher IL-10 levels in nasal secretions, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CSF and higher serum IgG3/5 antibody titres compared to non-EHM horses. These results suggest that protection from EHM depends on timely induction of type 1 IFN and upregulation cytokines and chemokines that are representative of cellular immunity. In contrast, induction of regulatory or TH-2 type immunity appeared to correlate with an increased risk for EHM. It is likely that future vaccine development for protection from EHM must target shifting this ‘at-risk’ immunophenotype.

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“…If horses exhibiting elevated inflammation and shorter telomeres are less likely to live longer, this could potentially lead to an underestimation of the association between inflammation and telomere length in aging horses. Further investigation is needed to identify the impact that telomere shortening has on immune response in conjunction with other factors such as previous environmental exposures and host genetics [145].…”

Section: Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere Dynamics in Livestock

Zhang,

Baker,

Welsh

et al. 2023

Biology

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Telomeres are repeated sequences of nucleotides at the end of chromosomes. They deteriorate across mitotic divisions of a cell. In Homo sapiens this process of lifetime reduction has been shown to correspond with aspects of organismal aging and exposure to stress or other insults. The early impetus to characterize telomere dynamics in livestock related to the concern that aged donor DNA would result in earlier cell senescence and overall aging in cloned animals. Telomere length investigations in dairy cows included breed effects, estimates of additive genetic control (heritability 0.12 to 0.46), and effects of external stressors on telomere degradation across animal life. Evaluation of telomeres with respect to aging has also been conducted in pigs and horses, and there are fewer reports of telomere biology in beef cattle, sheep, and goats. There were minimal associations of telomere length with animal productivity measures. Most, but not all, work in livestock has documented an inverse relationship between peripheral blood cell telomere length and age; that is, a longer telomere length was associated with younger age. Because livestock longevity affects productivity and profitability, the role of tissue-specific telomere attrition in aging may present alternative improvement strategies for genetic improvement while also providing translational biomedical knowledge.

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Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aged horse

Cited by 8 publications

References 105 publications

Anti-Pythium insidiosum intradermal immunotherapy in horses: diagnosis and therapy

Anti-Pythium insidiosum intradermal immunotherapy in horses: diagnosis and therapy

Impact of the host immune response on the development of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in horses

Telomere Dynamics in Livestock

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