Immunosignatures can predict vaccine efficacy

Abstract

The development of new vaccines would be greatly facilitated by having effective methods to predict vaccine performance. Such methods could also be helpful in monitoring individual vaccine responses to existing vaccines. We have developed "immunosignaturing" as a simple, comprehensive, chip-based method to display the antibody diversity in an individual on peptide arrays. Here we examined whether this technology could be used to develop correlates for predicting vaccine effectiveness. By using a mouse influenza infection, we show that the immunosignaturing of a natural infection can be used to discriminate a protective from nonprotective vaccine. Further, we demonstrate that an immunosignature can determine which mice receiving the same vaccine will survive. Finally, we show that the peptides comprising the correlate signatures of protection can be used to identify possible epitopes in the influenza virus proteome that are correlates of protection.peptide microarray | systems vaccinology | epitope prediction | antibody repertoire | immune profile

Could immunosignatures technology enable the development of a preventative cancer vaccine?

“…As the trial progresses, immunosignatures would be used to monitor for the first signs of cancer. Similar to what we observed in mice immunized against influenza [16], the immunosignature of the tumor is expected to reflect antibodies against additional antigens that are not contained in the vaccine. Since immunosignatures use the same platform for diagnosis of all cancers, any cancer occurring in participants could be detected.…”

“…We have demonstrated that immunosignatures could be used to determine which influenza vaccine recipients had a take [10]. We recently published that the immunosignatures assay could resolve different trivalent seasonal flu vaccines from each other, even though the vaccines varied by only one of the three included strains [16]. A key aspect of this study relative to detecting cancer in vaccinated individuals is that immunosignatures could distinguish which mice had been infected with live influenza (H1N1) A/PR/8/34 and which had received an inactivated monovalent A/PR/8/34-specific vaccine.…”

Scalable high-density peptide arrays for comprehensive health monitoring

“…The blood is diluted with little or no additional processing and incubated with a large array of different nonnatural-sequence peptides (reviewed in Sykes et al 9 ). Our initial platform was an array of 10,000 presynthesized peptides spotted on a glass slide, and we have used this format to characterize immune responses to vaccines 10 , infectious diseases 11 , cancer 12,13 , Alzheimer's Disease 14 and autoimmune disorders 12 . The work on brain cancer 13 was performed as a blinded train/test study, training on a patient cohort taken in 2007 and testing on a cohort from 2010, with 100% accuracy of identification.…”

Application of Immunosignatures for Diagnosis of Valley Fever

“…We previously published studies demonstrating that influenza virus infection in mice (25) and the influenza vaccine in humans (13) can be distinguished from normal controls by immunosignatures. Here, we extend this list, showing that the immunosignatures of two different species of bacteria and two fungi are distinct.…”