Immunostimulants and Their Uses in Aquaculture

Ali, Isamma Akbar; Radhakrishnan, Divya Kandathil; Kumar, Shobana

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0817-0_11

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 77 publications

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“…The effectiveness of vaccines is greatly affected by various factors including age, dosage, route of administration, handling stress and clear understanding of the mechanism of the immune response towards the antigen. Various routes of administration of vaccines also play a major role in the immune response in fish [3]. Most common vaccination routes include intra-peritoneal injection and immersion of inactivated antigen which induces a stronger innate immune defence but are associated with certain disadvantages such as handling and post-injection stress, not being applicable in large-scale farms and less protection in terms of immersion route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Response Assessment in Cyprinus carpio L. upon Experimental Administration with Artemia salina Bio-Encapsulated Aeromonas hydrophila Bacterin

Radhakrishnan¹,

Prabakaran

Ramesh

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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The present study aimed to analyze the enhancement of innate immune responses in juvenile-stage common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), upon the administration of heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila at a dosage of 1 × 107 CFU ml−1 through bio-encapsulation in the aquatic crustacean, Artemia salina. This work emphasizes the modulation of innate immune response when administered with the bio-encapsulated heat-killed antigen that acts as an inactivated vaccine against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia disease. Bio-encapsulated oral administration of antigens promotes innate immunity in juvenile-stage fishes. The optimization of effective bio-encapsulation of bacterin in Artemia salina nauplii was carried out and the best optimal conditions were chosen for immunization. The functional immune parameters such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, antiprotease and respiratory burst activity in serum, blood and intestinal tissue samples were analyzed along with blood differential leukocyte count and tissue histopathology studies. Both humoral and cellular immune responses analyzed were substantially induced or enhanced in the treatment groups in comparison with the control group. The results showed a significant variation in the bio-encapsulation group than the control group and also were comparable to the protection conferred with immersion route immunization under similar conditions. Thus, most of the innate non-specific immune responses are inducible, despite being constitutive of the fish immune system, to exhibit a basal level of protection and a road to better vaccination strategy in Cyprinus carpio L. aquaculture worldwide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Response Assessment in Cyprinus carpio L. upon Experimental Administration with Artemia salina Bio-Encapsulated Aeromonas hydrophila Bacterin

Radhakrishnan¹,

Prabakaran

Ramesh

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Dietary intervention of propolis and/or turmeric boosted growth, hematology, biochemical profile, and antioxidant-immune responses and their associated gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Edwardsiella tarda

Edrees,

Abdel-Daim,

Shaban

et al. 2024

Aquacult Int

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Immunostimulant phytogenic feed additives are given great concern for improving fish health, growth, immune responses, and resistance to diseases. This research investigated the impact of dietary propolis (PRO), turmeric (TUR), and their combination on the growth, hematology, antioxidant-immune responses, and their regulating genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during Edwardsiella tarda challenge. For 8 weeks, a total number of 320 fish (20.70 ± 0.14 g) were allocated into four groups at random, each with eight replicates (10 fish each). The first group (1st) was given the basal diet (control) without any supplements. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups were supplemented with 1% PRO, 1% TUR, and the mixture (1%PRO + 1%TUR), respectively. The experimental groups were challenged intraperitoneally with E. tarda at a dose of 0.1 mL (1 × 105 CFU) at the termination of the feeding trial, and the fish survival was estimated for an additional 7 days. The results demonstrated that fish-fed diets supplemented with PRO and/or TUR showed higher body weight, condition factor, specific growth rate, feed intake, and feed efficiency utilization than the control group (P < 0.05). The hematological, protein profile, and antioxidant-immune (total antioxidant capacity, lysozymes, and IgM) parameters were substantially improved in the challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged non-fed fish. The lipid profile and malondialdehyde were substantially decreased in the challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged non-fed group. Notably, a down-turning of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression with up-turning of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression was noticed in the challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged non-fed fish. Noteworthy, dietary PRO and/or TUR improved the fish survival during E. tarda challenge. The mixture of PRO and TUR can be added to Nile tilapia diets to enhance their growth, immune response, and resistance to E. tarda. These outcomes help in the sustainable development of the Nile tilapia culture industry. Graphical Abstract

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Immunostimulants and Their Uses in Aquaculture

Cited by 2 publications

References 77 publications

Innate Immune Response Assessment in Cyprinus carpio L. upon Experimental Administration with Artemia salina Bio-Encapsulated Aeromonas hydrophila Bacterin

Innate Immune Response Assessment in Cyprinus carpio L. upon Experimental Administration with Artemia salina Bio-Encapsulated Aeromonas hydrophila Bacterin

Dietary intervention of propolis and/or turmeric boosted growth, hematology, biochemical profile, and antioxidant-immune responses and their associated gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Edwardsiella tarda

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