Immunostimulating Activity of Crude Polysaccharide Extract Isolated fromCurcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb.

Abstract

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., commonly known as Javanese turmeric, has been reported to possess a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects, anticarcinogenic effects, wound healing effects, and serum cholesterol-lowering effects. CPE, crude polysaccharide extract isolated from the rhizome of C. xanthorrhiza using 0.1 N NaOH, consisted of arabinose (18.69%), galactose (14.0%), glucose (50.67%), mannose (12.97%), rhamnose (2.73%), and xylose (0.94%), with an average molecular weight of 33,000 Da. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CPE on nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 cells. The uptake of fluorescein-labeled Escherichia coli was measured to determine whether CPE stimulates the phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. CPE significantly increased the phagocytosis of macrophages and the release of NO, H2O2, TNF-alpha, and PGE2 in a dose-dependent manner, and showed a similar activity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To study the mechanisms of CPE, we examined induction of iNOS and COX-2. NO and PGE2 were produced as a result of stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) respectively. Both modulations of iNOS and COX-2 expression by CPE were evaluated by Western immunoblotting and RT-PCR. Since transcription of these enzymes is under the control of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), we assessed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) through Western immunoblotting. CPE clearly induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, suggesting a role as an NF-kappaB activator. Taking all this together, we conclude that CPE isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza stimulates the immune functions of macrophages, which is mediated in part by specific activation of NF-kappaB.

Purification, characterization and immunostimulating activity of water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from Capsosiphon fulvescens

“…NO acts as an intracellular messenger and regulates cellular functions, such as inflammation, as well as eliminates pathogens and tumor cells [34]. PGs are known as one of the inflammatory mediators and involved in diverse functions, including nerve growth, wound healing, and the immune response [3]. Therefore, the results that the sulfated SPS-CF is able to activate macophages to produce pro-inflammatory mediators, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and PGE2, suggest its potential use as an immunomodulatory agent.…”

“…Apart from industrial uses, these algal polysaccharides have emerged in recent years as a rich and important source of bioactive natural compounds. For example, fucoidans, one of the most extensively studied SPS, are known to exhibit a wide range of physiological and biological activities, thus medically useful activities, such as anti-inflammatory [3], antiviral [4], anticoagulant [1,[5][6][7][8][9], antitumor [10,11], antioxidant [12], and antiangiogenesis [13] activities. For these reasons, production and applications of these acidic polysaccharides as therapeutic agents have been increasingly important topics of intensive researches.…”

Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of a 3-Extract Formulation in Topical Dosage Form and Its Safety Aspect

“…Meanwhile, Java turmeric (C. xanthorrhiza) has curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol as a marker. It was reported having broad pharmacological effect such as immunomodulator [22], anticandidal [23], antinociceptive [24], improve serum level of glucose, triglyceride, fatty acid, and bile acid secretion [25]. …”

The Study of Antifungal Activity From Indigenous Plants From Indonesia: An in Vitro Study

“…It also has lots of essential oil, such as terpenoid, phenolic compounds, saponin, cardiac glycoside, anthraquinone, anthrone, tannin, and coumarin [24]. Hwang reported that polysaccharide from C. xanthorrhiza was able to stimulate immune system; therefore, it is useful as alternative agent for immunomodulator [25].…”