Immunostimulating influence of herbal biomedicines on nonspecific immunity in Grouper Epinephelus tauvina juvenile against Vibrio harveyi infection

Abstract

Herbals such as Cynodon dactylon, Piper longum, Phyllanthus niruri, Tridax procumbens, and Zingiber officinalis were extracted with acetone, benzene, butanol, and petroleum ether and screened against the pathogen Vibrio harveyi isolated from the infected Grouper Epinephalus tauvina. Among the different solvent extractions screening to V. harveyi, petroleum ether extracts were suppressed significantly (P \ 0.05). Equal proportions of the all-plant extracts were mixed with the artificial feeds at concentrations of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg -1 of diet and fed to grouper juveniles of 20 ± 2 g average weight for a period of 60 days. Every 20 days, fish juveniles were challenged with V. harveyi and the immune response was studied. The herbal diets significantly (P \ 0.05) increased the survival, growth, and immune responses compared to the control group. The herbal diets were significantly improved (P \ 0.01) in immune parameters such as phagocytic activity and albumin-globulin (A-G) ratio. Among the different concentrations of the herbals in the diet, the 400 mg kg -1 diet was the most effective in the experiment.

Effect of Henna (Lawsonia inermis) extract on the immunity and survival of common carp, Cyprinus carpio infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…Previously, enhancement of phagocytic and NBT activities following administration of herbal products in fish species have been reported in a number of studies (Rao et al 2006;Sahu et al 2007;Punitha et al 2008;Pratheepa et al 2010;Sharma et al 2010;Behera et al 2011;Uthayakumar et al 2014b;Anusha et al 2014).…”

Vaccination strategies to protect goldfish Carassius auratus against Aeromonas hydrophila infection

“…The IgY edible antibody, produced with the herbal adjuvant Asparagus racemosus, is a good vaccine candidate for improving serum bactericidal activity against white-spot symdrome virus (WSSV) infection in Penaeus monodon (Kumaran et al 2010). Herbal immunostimulants also enhanced the serum bactericidal and lysozyme activity against Vibrio harveyi infection in grouper Ephinephelus tauvina (Sivaram et al 2004, Punitha et al 2008). The increased A:G ratio in vaccine-treated groups in our study indicated higher immune responses.…”

Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation ofUrtica dioica

“…CC eluted HF2 of HEUD exhibited more antibacterial activity as compared to other subfractions in disc diffusion assay. The extracts and fractions can be considered active when the MIC is less than 100 μg/mL (Punitha et al, 2008).…”