Immunostimulators and Immunomodulators in Cancer Treatment

Oliver, Brianna; Jackson, Erica; Soliman, Hatem

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416603-5.00017-1

“…In addition, we asked if cTFH could reduce CMV infection incidence by enhancing the CMV‐specific CD8 + T cell effector response through IL‐21 production, being TFH the most important cell source of this cytokine 36 . A modified Quantiferon test was performed in nine CMV seropositive healthy volunteers, in order to test the specific cellular response of CD8 + T cells to CMV peptides in the presence or absence of IL‐21.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we asked if cTFH could reduce CMV infection incidence by enhancing the CMV-specific CD8 + T cell effector response through IL-21 production, being TFH the most important cell source of this cytokine. 36 A modified Quantiferon test was performed in nine CMV seropositive healthy volunteers, in order to test the specific cellular response of CD8 + T cells to CMV peptides in the presence or absence of IL-21. The frequency of IFNγ-producing CD8 + T cells increased significantly when IL-21 was added to the stimulus with CMV peptides (p = .007, Figure 3I), suggesting that this mechanism could mediate the observed relationship between cTFH and reduction in CMV infection incidence.…”

Section: Nabs and Cd8 + T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulatory follicular helper T lymphocytes associate with lower incidence of CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients

Suàrez-Fernández

¹

,

Utrero‐Rico

²

,

Sandonís

³

et al. 2021

American Journal of Transplantation

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Primary infection and/or reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) favor rejection and mortality. T follicular helper cells (TFH) could contribute to protection against CMV. Circulatory TFH (cTFH) were studied pretransplant and early posttransplant in 90 CMV seropositive KTR not receiving antithymocyte globulin or antiviral prophylaxis, followed‐up for 1 year. Patients who presented CMV infection had significantly lower cTFH and activated cTFH pretransplant and early posttransplant. Pretransplant activated cTFH were also lower within patients who developed CMV disease. Pre‐ and 14 days posttransplant activated cTFH were an independent protective factor for CMV infection (HR 0.41, p = .01; and 0.52, p = .02, respectively). KTR with low cTFH 7 days posttransplant (<11.9%) had lower CMV infection‐free survival than patients with high cTFH (28.2% vs. 67.6%, p = .002). cTFH were associated with CMV‐specific neutralizing antibodies (Nabs). In addition, IL‐21 increased interferon‐γ secretion by CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells in healthy controls. Thus, we show an association between cTFH and lower incidence of CMV infection, probably through their cooperation in CMV‐specific Nab production and IL‐21‐mediated enhancement of CD8+ T cell activity. Moreover, monitoring cTFH pre‐ and early posttransplant could improve CMV risk stratification and help select KTR catalogued at low/intermediate risk who could benefit from prophylaxis.

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“…Many immunotherapeutic agents operate by activating an efficient antitumor response or reversing tumor-mediated immunosuppression through modulation of significant regulatory pathways. 225…”

Section: Drug Repurposingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring the Landscape of Cognitive Decline

Tenchov,

Sasso,

Zhou

2024

Preprint

0

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. The pathology of AD is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles in brain, along with neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Genetic factors, such as mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes, as well as APOE ε4 allele, contribute to increased risk of acquiring AD. Currently available treatments provide symptomatic relief but do not halt disease progression. Research efforts are focused on developing disease-modifying therapies that target the underlying pathological mechanisms of AD. Advances in identification and validation of reliable biomarkers for AD hold great promise for enhancing early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and assessing treatment response in clinical practice, in effort to alleviate the burden of this devastating disease. In this paper, we analyze data from the CAS Content Collection to summarize the research progress in Alzheimer’s disease. We examine the publication landscape in effort to provide insights into current knowledge advances and developments. We also review the most discussed and emerging concepts and assess the strategies to combat the disease. We explore the genetic risk factors, pharmacological targets, and comorbid diseases. Finally, we inspect clinical applications of products against AD with their development pipelines and efforts for drug repurposing. The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the evolving landscape of current knowledge regarding AD, to outline challenges, and evaluate growth opportunities to further efforts in combating the disease.

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“…Many immunotherapeutic agents operate by activating an efficient antitumor response or reversing tumor-mediated immunosuppression through modulation of significant regulatory pathways. 218…”

Section: Drug Repurposingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring the Landscape of Cognitive Decline

Tenchov,

Sasso,

Zhou

2024

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. The pathology of AD is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles in brain, along with neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Genetic factors, such as mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes, as well as APOE ε4 allele, contribute to increased risk of acquiring AD. Currently available treatments provide symptomatic relief but do not halt disease progression. Research efforts are focused on developing disease-modifying therapies that target the underlying pathological mechanisms of AD. Advances in identification and validation of reliable biomarkers for AD hold great promise for enhancing early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and assessing treatment response in clinical practice, in effort to alleviate the burden of this devastating disease. In this paper, we analyze data from the CAS Content Collection to summarize the research progress in Alzheimer’s disease. We examine the publication landscape in effort to provide insights into current knowledge advances and developments. We also review the most discussed and emerging concepts and assess the strategies to combat the disease. We explore the genetic risk factors, pharmacological targets, and comorbid diseases. Finally, we inspect clinical applications of products against AD with their development pipelines and efforts for drug repurposing. The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the evolving landscape of current knowledge regarding AD, to outline challenges, and evaluate growth opportunities to further efforts in combating the disease.

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Immunostimulators and Immunomodulators in Cancer Treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 103 publications

Circulatory follicular helper T lymphocytes associate with lower incidence of CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients

Circulatory follicular helper T lymphocytes associate with lower incidence of CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients

Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring the Landscape of Cognitive Decline

Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring the Landscape of Cognitive Decline

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